基于IAHP的管制员综合素质评价方法研究
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摘要
为合理评价管制员综合素质,保障空管运行安全,提出了一种将群决策、区间数和层次分析法相结合的综合评价方法。基于少数服从多数的原则,给出群决策中专家系数的计算方法,提出两个关于区间数和区间数判断矩阵(Interval Number Judgement Matrix,INJM)的定理并进行了证明,基于区间数理论,给出了一种构造具有一致性判断矩阵的方法,随后给出了评价指标权重的计算方法,最终建立了管制员综合素质评价模型。结果表明,指令准确性、航空器调配合理性、冲突与特情处置能力、听力和团队合作5个因素对管制员综合素质起着主要作用,可为管制员的培养、选拔、测评和培训提供参考。
To ensure the successful and secure operation of the ATC( short for the air traffic controllers) system,the paper intends to build up an evaluation model by choosing the evaluation method of the system quality on the basis of joining the intervalnumber theory and analytical hierarchy process( AHP) along with the expert weighing coefficient. In the paper,we have managed to establish the assessment indexes of the controller's integrated qualities in terms of the individual cognitive power,the physiological preparations,and their actual working initiatives and training skills. For the said purpose,we have analyzed and confirmed an expert-scoring method with 0. 1-0. 9 standard degree to make up for the defects of the conventional AHP. At the same time,we have chosen the scoring results,too,to represent the levels of significance of indices in view of the interval-number theory. Thus,we have proposed and demonstrated that the consistency of the positive interval-number theorem and the intervalnumber evaluation matrix,so as for the positive interval-numberto be applied to the evaluation of the ATC controller's integrated qualities. What is more,taking into account the group decisionmaking expert coefficient,we have also established a method of consensus evaluation matrix on the above 2 theorems in reference to the expert-scoring outcome. And,later,the transformation from the interval-number evaluation matrix into ordinary evaluation matrix has enabled us to build up the quasi-optimal ordinary evaluation matrix before getting to the evaluation-index weight coefficient of the controller's integrated qualities. Thus,the index weight coefficient can be obtained by the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector from the quasi-optimal ordinary evaluation matrix. And,so,what we have done above lets us establish a model for assessing the ATC controller's integrated qualities,in which the effectiveness and efficiency of theirs can be verified via the practical examples,while the evaluation index weights of the controller's integrated qualities can also be determined. Hence,the evaluation results we have gained prove that the 5 factors in terms of mainly influencing their integrated qualities can be illustrated as follows: the ATC instruction-delivery accuracy,the proper arrangement of the air-transport force,the capability to resolve the conflicted contradictions and events of emergency,the advice listening and comprehension,plus the team work spirit and the cooperation style. And,so,the conclusion this paper has finally put forward can be taken as qualified enough to serve as a valuable reference for the selection and training criteria for a successful ATC controller.
To ensure the successful and secure operation of the ATC( short for the air traffic controllers) system,the paper intends to build up an evaluation model by choosing the evaluation method of the system quality on the basis of joining the intervalnumber theory and analytical hierarchy process( AHP) along with the expert weighing coefficient. In the paper,we have managed to establish the assessment indexes of the controller's integrated qualities in terms of the individual cognitive power,the physiological preparations,and their actual working initiatives and training skills. For the said purpose,we have analyzed and confirmed an expert-scoring method with 0. 1-0. 9 standard degree to make up for the defects of the conventional AHP. At the same time,we have chosen the scoring results,too,to represent the levels of significance of indices in view of the interval-number theory. Thus,we have proposed and demonstrated that the consistency of the positive interval-number theorem and the intervalnumber evaluation matrix,so as for the positive interval-numberto be applied to the evaluation of the ATC controller's integrated qualities. What is more,taking into account the group decisionmaking expert coefficient,we have also established a method of consensus evaluation matrix on the above 2 theorems in reference to the expert-scoring outcome. And,later,the transformation from the interval-number evaluation matrix into ordinary evaluation matrix has enabled us to build up the quasi-optimal ordinary evaluation matrix before getting to the evaluation-index weight coefficient of the controller's integrated qualities. Thus,the index weight coefficient can be obtained by the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector from the quasi-optimal ordinary evaluation matrix. And,so,what we have done above lets us establish a model for assessing the ATC controller's integrated qualities,in which the effectiveness and efficiency of theirs can be verified via the practical examples,while the evaluation index weights of the controller's integrated qualities can also be determined. Hence,the evaluation results we have gained prove that the 5 factors in terms of mainly influencing their integrated qualities can be illustrated as follows: the ATC instruction-delivery accuracy,the proper arrangement of the air-transport force,the capability to resolve the conflicted contradictions and events of emergency,the advice listening and comprehension,plus the team work spirit and the cooperation style. And,so,the conclusion this paper has finally put forward can be taken as qualified enough to serve as a valuable reference for the selection and training criteria for a successful ATC controller.
引文
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[9] LI Jingqiang(李敬强),LI Hao(李灏),ZHAO Ning(赵宁),et al. Competency model and analysis on its influence relationship for air traffic controller[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2016,12(2):175-180.
[10] XIE Chunsheng(谢春生),LU Fei(卢飞),ZHANG Zhaoning(张兆宁),et al. Research on evaluation of air traffic controllers'overall quality based on interval number[J]. Science Technology and Engineering(科学技术与工程),2014,14(32):302-308.
[11] WANG Yonggang(王永刚),YE Shiqiang(叶仕强).On the safety behavior capacity model of the civil air traffic controllers[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(4):189-193.
[12] XU Zeshui(徐泽水). Research on methods for deriving experts’weights in group decision making[J]. Communication on Applied Mathematics and Computation(应用数学与计算数学学报),2001,15(1):19-22.
[13] WEI Yiqiang(魏毅强),LIU Jinsheng(刘进生),WANG Xuzhu(王绪柱). Concept of consistence and weights of the judgement matrix in the uncertain type of AHP[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice(系统工程理论与实践),1994,14(4):16-22.
[2] Civil Aviation Administration of China(中国民航局).2016 government information disclosure work report of CAAC East China Regional Administration(民航华东地区管理局2016年度政府信息公开工作报告)[R].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China,2017.
[3] HOPKIN V D. Human factors in air traffic control[J].Human Factors in Air Traffic Control,1995,34(640):210-246.
[4] RAPP T L. Interactive effects of team and task shared mental models as related to air traffic controllers'collective efficacy and effectiveness[J]. Human Performance,2009,23(1):22-40.
[5] OPRINS E,BURGGRAAFF E,WEERDENBURG H V.Design of a competence-based assessment system for air traffic control training[J]. International Journal of Aviation Psychology,2006,16(3):297-320.
[6] HE Yunzhong(何云中),GUO Ding(郭定). Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of human reliability in air traffic control[J]. China Safety Science Journal(中国安全科学学报),2004,14(11):57-60.
[7] HUO Zhiqin(霍志勤). Research on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to overall qualities of air traffic controllers in civil aviation[J]. Wuhan University of Technology:Social Science Edition(武汉理工大学学报:社会科学版),2005,18(3):374-377.
[8] HE Xin(何昕),GAO Haoran(高浩然),CHEN Yaqing(陈亚青),et al. Research on fuzzy comprehensive assessment of quality for air traffic controllers in China[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Transportation Science&Engineering(武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版),2010,34(5):912-915.
[9] LI Jingqiang(李敬强),LI Hao(李灏),ZHAO Ning(赵宁),et al. Competency model and analysis on its influence relationship for air traffic controller[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2016,12(2):175-180.
[10] XIE Chunsheng(谢春生),LU Fei(卢飞),ZHANG Zhaoning(张兆宁),et al. Research on evaluation of air traffic controllers'overall quality based on interval number[J]. Science Technology and Engineering(科学技术与工程),2014,14(32):302-308.
[11] WANG Yonggang(王永刚),YE Shiqiang(叶仕强).On the safety behavior capacity model of the civil air traffic controllers[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(4):189-193.
[12] XU Zeshui(徐泽水). Research on methods for deriving experts’weights in group decision making[J]. Communication on Applied Mathematics and Computation(应用数学与计算数学学报),2001,15(1):19-22.
[13] WEI Yiqiang(魏毅强),LIU Jinsheng(刘进生),WANG Xuzhu(王绪柱). Concept of consistence and weights of the judgement matrix in the uncertain type of AHP[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice(系统工程理论与实践),1994,14(4):16-22.