基于Radau伪谱法的复合电源电动汽车能量管理策略优化
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摘要
本文中提出一种基于Radau伪谱法的能量管理策略优化法,利用全局插值多项式对系统中状态变量与控制变量进行逼近,由插值多项式的导数近似动力学方程中状态变量的微分方程,将最优控制问题(OCP)转化为待优化变量的非线性规划(NLP)问题进行求解。以加入惩罚因子的电池寿命模型为目标函数,将复合电源电动汽车中的电池使用寿命(电池可循环次数)与单一电池能量源在NEDC循环工况下对比分析,结果表明,伪谱法优化的复合电源可减小电池组的安时流通,缩小电流、功率波动范围,其电池组功率、超级功率均与需求功率出现了分段的线性关系,且复合电源中电池等效寿命较单一电池能量源提高25.61%,本文中为复合电源的能量管理策略提供了一种快速、稳定的优化方法,为匹配最优系统参数奠定基础,还可作为其他优化策略的评估基准。
This paper proposes an energy management strategy optimization method based on Radau pseudo-spectral method(RPM). The global interpolation polynomial is used to approximate the state variables and control variables in the system. The derivative of the interpolation polynomial approximates the differential equation of the state variables in the dynamic equation. Then the optimal control problem(OCP) is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem(NLP) problem of the variable to be optimized. Taking the battery life model with penalty factor as the objective function, the battery life(the number of battery cycles) in the hybrid energy storage system(HESS) electric vehicle is compared with that with the single battery energy source under the NEDC cycle condition. The results show that the pseudo-spectral optimized HESS can reduce the Ah throughput of the battery pack and reduce the current and power fluctuation range. The battery power and ultracapacitor power have a segmented linear relationship with the required power, and the equivalent life of the battery in the HESS is 25.61% higher than that of the single battery energy source. This paper provides a fast and stable optimization method for the energy management strategy of the HESS, which lays a foundation for matching the optimal system parameters and can be used as an evaluation benchmark for other optimization strategies.
This paper proposes an energy management strategy optimization method based on Radau pseudo-spectral method(RPM). The global interpolation polynomial is used to approximate the state variables and control variables in the system. The derivative of the interpolation polynomial approximates the differential equation of the state variables in the dynamic equation. Then the optimal control problem(OCP) is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem(NLP) problem of the variable to be optimized. Taking the battery life model with penalty factor as the objective function, the battery life(the number of battery cycles) in the hybrid energy storage system(HESS) electric vehicle is compared with that with the single battery energy source under the NEDC cycle condition. The results show that the pseudo-spectral optimized HESS can reduce the Ah throughput of the battery pack and reduce the current and power fluctuation range. The battery power and ultracapacitor power have a segmented linear relationship with the required power, and the equivalent life of the battery in the HESS is 25.61% higher than that of the single battery energy source. This paper provides a fast and stable optimization method for the energy management strategy of the HESS, which lays a foundation for matching the optimal system parameters and can be used as an evaluation benchmark for other optimization strategies.
引文
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[14] 徐少兵,李升波,成波.无级变速器车辆经济性巡航策略的伪谱法优化[J].控制理论与应用,2014(6):693-700.
[15] GUO L,GAO B,CHEN H,et al.On-line shift schedule optimization of electric vehicles with multi-speed AMT using moving horizon strategy[C].Control Conference.IEEE,2015:8097-8102.
[16] WEI S,ZOU Y,SUN F,et al.A pseudospectral method for solving optimal control problem of a hybrid tracked vehicle[J].Applied Energy,2016,194:588-595.
[17] 周放.车载复合电源系统参数优化及能量管理策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[18] ZHAO K,LIANG Z,HUANG Y,et al.Research on a novel hydraulic/electric synergy bus[J].Energies,2017,11(1):34.
[2] SONG Z,LI J,HAN X,et al.Multi-objective optimization of a semi-active battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles[J].Applied Energy,2014,135:212-224.
[3] 宋传学,周放,肖峰,等.基于凸优化的车载复合电源参数匹配[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(16):44-51.
[4] 吴晓刚,侯维祥,帅志斌,等.电动汽车复合储能系统的功率分配优化研究[J].电机与控制学报,2017,21(11):114-124.
[5] SANTUCCI A,SORNIOTTI A,LEKAKOU C.Power split strategies for hybrid energy storage systems for vehicular applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,258(14):395-407.
[6] ZHOU F,XIAO F,CHANG C,et al.Adaptive model predictive control-based energy management for semi-active hybrid energy storage systems on electric vehicles[J].Energies,2017,10(7):1063.
[7] SONG Z,HOFMANN H,LI J,et al.Optimization for a hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles using dynamic programing approach[J].Applied Energy,2015,139:151-162.
[8] 宋传学,周放,肖峰.基于动态规划的复合电源能量管理优化[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2017,47(1):8-14.
[9] ZHANG S,XIONG R,CAO J.Battery durability and longevity based power management for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with hybrid energy storage system[J].Applied Energy,2016,179:316-328.
[10] HE H,XIONG R,ZHAO K,et al.Energy management strategy research on a hybrid power system by hardware-in-loop experiments[J].Applied Energy,2013,112(16):1311-1317.
[11] ELNAGAR G,KAZEMI M A,RAZZAGHI M.The pseudospectral Legendre method for discretizing optimal control problems[J].Automatic Control IEEE Transactions on,1995,40(10):1793-1796.
[12] FAHROO F,ROSS I M.Advances in pseudospectral methods for optimal control[J].Faculty Publications,2013.
[13] YE J,ZHAO K,LIU Y,et al.Multi-stage global trajectory optimization for the overlapping shift of a seamless two-speed transmission using Legendre pseudo-spectral method[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2017,9(12):1-13.
[14] 徐少兵,李升波,成波.无级变速器车辆经济性巡航策略的伪谱法优化[J].控制理论与应用,2014(6):693-700.
[15] GUO L,GAO B,CHEN H,et al.On-line shift schedule optimization of electric vehicles with multi-speed AMT using moving horizon strategy[C].Control Conference.IEEE,2015:8097-8102.
[16] WEI S,ZOU Y,SUN F,et al.A pseudospectral method for solving optimal control problem of a hybrid tracked vehicle[J].Applied Energy,2016,194:588-595.
[17] 周放.车载复合电源系统参数优化及能量管理策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[18] ZHAO K,LIANG Z,HUANG Y,et al.Research on a novel hydraulic/electric synergy bus[J].Energies,2017,11(1):34.