造粒飞灰沥青混凝土路面利用的地下水环境风险评估
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摘要
由于飞灰的主要成分与粉煤灰、高炉矿渣等非常接近,用于沥青混凝土路面中具有良好的发展前景。但飞灰中含有的重金属等有害物质对路面周围的环境影响不容忽视。通过对飞灰沥青混凝土采用水槽浸出试验得到重金属的长期累积释放量,并构建出重金属渗入地下水的迁移扩散模型,对道路中重金属进入地下水进行环境风险评估,最后根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)推算出沥青混凝土路面中重金属的有效量限值。结果表明:As、Cr的致癌风险值分别为2.26×10~(-10)、2.33×10~(-10),Zn、Cd、Hg的非致癌危害商分别为4.17×10~(-7)、2.43×10~(-7)、7.22×10~(-6),分别未超过风险表征限值10~(-6)与1;造粒飞灰沥青混凝土路面中Cr、Zn、As、Cd、Hg的有效量限值分别为25.46、279.83、1.10、12.19、0.07mg/kg。
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash can be applied in the asphalt pavement widely,since the similar components of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash,coal fly ash and blast furnace slag.However,the environmental risk of heavy metals from fly ash should be paid more attention.The long term leaching tests for cumulative amounts of heavy metals were conducted by tank leaching tests.And the migration and diffusion models of heavy metal infiltration into groundwater were established.The environmental risk assessment of heavy metals for the groundwater was carried out.Last but not least,the maximum availability amount of heavy metals in the pavement were calculated by"Standard for drinking water quality"(GB 5749-2006).The results showed that the carcinogenic risk values of As(2.26×10~(-10))and Cr(2.33×10~(-10))were lower than 10~(-6).Meanwhile,the hazards of Zn,Cd and Hg were 4.17×10~(-7),2.43×10~(-7 )and 7.22×10~(-6),respectively,which did not exceed risk limit 1.The maximum availability amount of Cr,Zn,As,Cd and Hg in the asphalt pavement were 25.46,279.83,1.10,12.19,0.07mg/kg,respectively.
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash can be applied in the asphalt pavement widely,since the similar components of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash,coal fly ash and blast furnace slag.However,the environmental risk of heavy metals from fly ash should be paid more attention.The long term leaching tests for cumulative amounts of heavy metals were conducted by tank leaching tests.And the migration and diffusion models of heavy metal infiltration into groundwater were established.The environmental risk assessment of heavy metals for the groundwater was carried out.Last but not least,the maximum availability amount of heavy metals in the pavement were calculated by"Standard for drinking water quality"(GB 5749-2006).The results showed that the carcinogenic risk values of As(2.26×10~(-10))and Cr(2.33×10~(-10))were lower than 10~(-6).Meanwhile,the hazards of Zn,Cd and Hg were 4.17×10~(-7),2.43×10~(-7 )and 7.22×10~(-6),respectively,which did not exceed risk limit 1.The maximum availability amount of Cr,Zn,As,Cd and Hg in the asphalt pavement were 25.46,279.83,1.10,12.19,0.07mg/kg,respectively.
引文
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[2] SHI H S,KAN L L.Characteristics of municipal solid wastes incineration(MSWI)fly ash-cement matrices and effect of mineral admixtures on composite system[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(6):2160-2166.
[3]陈德珍,耿翠洁,孙文州,等.焚烧炉渣集料用于道路铺筑的节能减排定量[J].建筑材料学报,2011,14(1):71-77.
[4]严建华,马增益,彭雯,等.沥青混凝土固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):730-733.
[5]陈林.焚烧飞灰用于沥青混凝土路面中面层污染物溶出规律及风险评估[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2016.
[6]彭雯.城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的浸出特性及沥青混凝土固化飞灰的实验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[7] XUE Y,HOU H,ZHU S,et al.Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration ash in stone mastic asphalt mixture:pavement performance and environmental impact[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(2):989-996.
[8] ZACCO A,BORGESE L,GIANONCELLI A,et al.Review of fly ash inertisation treatments and recycling[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2014,12(1):153-175.
[9] BIE R,CHEN P,SONG X,et al.Characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with cement solidification treatment[J].Journal of the Energy Institute,2016,89(4):704-712.
[10]朱华兰,杨兰,赵秀兰.水泥对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的固化研究[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(7):58-61.
[11] EA NEN 7375:2004,Leaching characteristics:determination of leaching of inorganic components with the diffusion test[S].
[12] VAN DER SLOOT H A.Characterization of the leaching behaviour of concrete mortars and of cement-stabilized wastes with different waste loading for long term environmental assessment[J].Waste Management,2002,22(2):181-186.
[13]程新金,孙继明,雷恒池,等.中国二氧化硫排放控制的效果评估[J].大气科学,2004,28(2):174-186.
[14]张霞,黄启飞,王琪,等.废物水泥窑共处置产品中重金属释放模型研究——混凝土路面场景[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(7):5-9.
[15]段华波.危险废物浸出毒性鉴别理论和方法研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2006.
[16]何泽能,高阳华,谭炳全,等.重庆市主城区15年来酸雨变化趋势分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2009,29(1):59-62.
[17]蒋智,况明生.重庆地区近57年降水量变化特征及其影响分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2009,21(2):9-13.
[18] EA NEN 7371:2004,Leaching characteristics:determination of the availability of inorganic components for leaching-solid earthy and stony materials[S].
[19] STRASSBER G.Dilution attenuation factors in susceptibility assessments:a GIS based method[D].Austin:The University of Texas at Austin,2003.
[20] ASTM E1739-95,Standard guide for risk-based corrective action applied at petroleum release site[S].
[21] Texas Commision on Environmental Quality.March 2017PCL and supporting tables[EB/OL].[2017-12-15].https://www.tceq.texas.gov/remediation/trrp/trrppcls.html.
[22]马晓刚,张兵,史东梅,等.丘陵区不同土地利用类型紫色土入渗特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):25-29.