三门峡坝下河漫滩沉积物~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb计年研究
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摘要
以三门峡坝下河漫滩湿地为研究对象,探讨~(137)Cs及~(210)Pb计年法应用于沉积速率研究的可行性。三门峡坝下河漫滩沉积物柱~(137)Cs及~(210)Pb计年分析表明:1964年及1986年的~(137)Cs蓄积峰峰形完好,~(137)Cs计年法用于沉积速率推算可行;由于沉积过程为快速堆积且受水文扰动较大,~(210)Pbex比活度—深度曲线呈现出不规则的摆动,而非指数衰减曲线,因此~(210)Pb计年法不适用于沉积速率推算;基于~(137)Cs计年法计算得出1954—1963年、1964—1985年、1986—2015年的沉积速率分别为3.50、1.82、1.17 cm/a,沉积速率受水库调度运行方式影响显著。
~(137)Cs and~(210)Pb dating techniques were applied for the sediment core in the downstream river floodplain of Sanmenxia Reservoir toexplore the feasibility of study on sedimentation rate. There were obvious peaks of~(137)Cs in 1964 and 1986 in the sediment core,which meantthe~(137)Cs dating technique was applicable for the study on sedimentation rate. However,the~(210)Pb dating technique was not suitable because ofthe rapid deposition process and hydrological disturbance. Based on the~(137)Cs dating technique,sedimentation rates in three periods were cal-culated,which were 3.50 cm/a(from 1954 to 1963)、1.82 cm/a(from 1964 to 1985)and 1.17 cm/a(from 1986 to 2015)respectively.The sedimentation rates were inflected seriously by reservoir operation.
~(137)Cs and~(210)Pb dating techniques were applied for the sediment core in the downstream river floodplain of Sanmenxia Reservoir toexplore the feasibility of study on sedimentation rate. There were obvious peaks of~(137)Cs in 1964 and 1986 in the sediment core,which meantthe~(137)Cs dating technique was applicable for the study on sedimentation rate. However,the~(210)Pb dating technique was not suitable because ofthe rapid deposition process and hydrological disturbance. Based on the~(137)Cs dating technique,sedimentation rates in three periods were cal-culated,which were 3.50 cm/a(from 1954 to 1963)、1.82 cm/a(from 1964 to 1985)and 1.17 cm/a(from 1986 to 2015)respectively.The sedimentation rates were inflected seriously by reservoir operation.
引文
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[2]LUO W B,XIE Y H,SONG F B.Survival Strategies ofWetland Plants in Flooding Environments[J].ChineseJournal of Ecology,2007,26(9):1478-1485.
[3]RICHTER B D,BAUMGARTNER J V,BRAUN D P,et al.AMethod for Assessing Hydrologic Alteration Within Ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10(4):1163-1174.
[4]NAIMAN R J,BUNN S E,NILSSON C,et al.LegitimizingFluvial Ecosystems as Users of Water:an Overview[J].En-vironmental Management,2002,30(4):455-467.
[5]TODD M J,MUNEEPEERAKUL R,PUMO D,et al.Hydro-logical Drivers of Wetland Vegetation Community DistributionWithin Everglades National Park,Florida[J].Advances inWater Resources,2010,33:1279-1289.
[6]罗文艺,靳孟贵,何巧林,等.黄河河南段河漫滩沉积柱重金属元素分布规律[J].人民黄河,2008,30(9):53-55.
[7]TOCKNER K,MALARD F,WARD J V.An Extension ofthe Flood Pulse Concept[J].Hydrological Processes,2000(16-17):2861-2883.
[8]胡春明,刘平,张利田,等.河漫滩湿地生态阈值研究:以二卡自然保护区为例[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6662-6669.
[9]NAIMAN R J,DECAMPS H,POLLOCK M.The Role ofRiparian Corridors in Maintaining Regional Biodiversity[J].Ecological Applications,1993(3):209-212.
[10]MITSCH W J,GOSSELINK J G,ZHANG L,et al.WetlandEcosystems[M].New York:Wiley,2009:262.
[11]TABO M,MARTIN K,OTLOGETSWE T,et al.Influenceof Seasonal Flooding on Soil Total Nitrogen,Organic Phos-phorus and Microbial Populations in the Okavango Delta,Botswana[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2003,54(2):359-369.
[12]VALETT H M,BAKER M A,MORRICE J A,et al.Biogeo-chemical and Metabolic Responses to the Flood Pulse in aSemiarid Floodplain[J].Ecology,2005,86(1):220-234.
[13]BENKE A C.Importance of Flood Regime to InvertebrateHabitat in an Unregulated River-Floodplain Ecosystem[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2001,20(2):225-240.
[14]DIMITRY N,SCHMIDT A P,TOCKNER K,et al.InundationDynamics in Braided Floodplains:Tagliamento River,NortheastItaly[J].Ecosystems,2002(5):636-647.
[15]PETTS G E.Impounded Rivers:Perspectives for EcologicalManagement[M].New York:Wiley,1984:196.
[16]万国江.137Cs及210Pbex方法湖泊沉积计年研究新进展[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(2):188-192.
[17]王宇飞,濮励杰.137Cs应用于我国土壤侵蚀研究评述[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(6):803-812.
[18]万国江.现代沉积的210Pb计年[J].第四纪研究,1997,17(3):230-239.
[19]万国江.现代沉积年分辨的137Cs计年:以云南洱海和贵州红枫湖为例[J].第四纪研究,1999,19(1):73-80.
[20]张燕,潘少明,彭补拙.用137Cs计年法确定湖泊沉积物沉积速率研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):671-678.
[21]陈诗越,王苏民,陈影影,等.东平湖沉积物210Pb、137Cs垂直分布及年代学意义[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(5):981-987.
[22]李春梅,王红亚.贵州省西南部麦岗水库沉积物的137Cs和210Pb测年与沉积速率研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):215-219.
[23]翟正丽,王国平,刘景双.乌兰泡沼泽的210Pb、137Cs测年与现代沉积速率[J].湿地科学,2005,3(4):269-273.
[24]刘恩峰,薛滨,羊向东,等.基于210Pb与137Cs分布的近代沉积物定年方法:以巢湖、太白湖为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6):89-95.
[25]王小雷,杨浩,赵其国,等.利用210Pb、137Cs和241Am计年法测算云南抚仙湖现代沉积速率[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):136-142.
[26]王福.渤海湾海岸带210Pb、137Cs示踪与测年研究:现代沉积及环境意义[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2009:63-67.
[27]李国英.关于黄河治理的若干重大问题[J].水利水电技术,2000,31(4):9-12.
[28]刘富刚.鲁西北地表沉积物粒度特征及分布成因研究[J].人民黄河,2008,30(7):12-14.
[29]张洪,单保庆.六叉河小流域多水塘沉积物中镉含量历史变化趋势分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(1):1-5.