秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷的研究进展
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摘要
近年来,随着国际能源紧缺与环境污染的日趋严重,秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷技术再次成为国内外学者研究生物质固废处理的热点之一。农作物秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷为大量廉价易得的生物资源转化为可再生能源提供了一个新机会。通过厌氧消化,不仅改善农村生态环境质量,还产生了清洁能源沼气,真正实现变废为宝,对解决农村用能和种植业污染问题有重要意义,也是目前中国最有希望实现产业化的生物质能源之一。然而,由于秸秆的特殊物理化学结构,使得微生物与酶很难对其吸附、降解,并因此限制了秸秆厌氧消化的推广、应用。尽管在当前中国的鼓励政策下,许多秸秆沼气示范工程建成并投入生产,但实际运行中依旧有些问题亟待解决。该文根据国内外关于秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷技术的最新研究成果,基于厌氧消化原理和原料特性分析的基础上,分析了影响秸秆产甲烷的因素及不足,总结了产气优化的方法,展望了秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷的发展方向。该项研究结果对推广秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷、加快生物质固废的资源化成果转化具有积极的推动意义。
With the increasingly serious energy shortage and environmental pollution, anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws becomes one of the hotspots in recent years, and the domestic and foreign scholars study on biomass solid waste treatment. Anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws provides an excellent chance to convert abundant bio-resources into renewable energy. As the largest agricultural country in the world, China has an abundance of crop straws. The anaerobic digestion of straws not only improves the quality of the rural ecological environment, but also produces the clean energy, i.e. biogas, which makes the solid biomass wastes into "wealth". Anaerobic digestion of straws is currently one of the most hopeful ways to realize the industrialization of biomass energy in China. However, the special physico-chemical property of straws creates a resistant ability for microorganisms and enzymes to degrade during the hydrolytic acidification process and methanogenic process, and thus limits the application and promotion of straws. For anaerobic digestion becomes a hot technology especially in China, we have quite limited knowledge on optional management of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws due to the limited fermentation equipment. Although the biogas equipment manufacture and biogas plants have been established and encouraged by the incentive polices in China, some questions still exist in anaerobic digestion, especially for the large-scale application. According to the latest results of the domestic and foreign research on relevant anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws, this article reviewed the relative contents, including the anaerobic digestion principle, the physico-chemical characteristics of feedstocks, the influence factors and shortages of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws, and the optimization of biogas and methane production. Moreover, the future research topics and prospects of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws were suggested aiming at accelerating the research and application. This study indicated that the theory about the anaerobic digestion was relatively mature, the physico-chemical construction of straws directly decided the hydrolysis rates and indirectly influenced the biogas production and the efficiency, and thus summarized the influence factors of anaerobic digestion. Based on the influence factors and shortages of anaerobic digestion, the most efficient, environmental- friendly and feasible pretreatment methods were picked out to enhance biogas production. In order to satisfy the industrial demands of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws, optimization methods of biogas production and anaerobic digestion of straws were listed. The conclusion can be recognized as the reference for the efficient engineering management practice to enhance biogas production. This review also has a positive significance to promote anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws and to speed up the achievement transformation on the utilization of biomass solid wastes.
With the increasingly serious energy shortage and environmental pollution, anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws becomes one of the hotspots in recent years, and the domestic and foreign scholars study on biomass solid waste treatment. Anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws provides an excellent chance to convert abundant bio-resources into renewable energy. As the largest agricultural country in the world, China has an abundance of crop straws. The anaerobic digestion of straws not only improves the quality of the rural ecological environment, but also produces the clean energy, i.e. biogas, which makes the solid biomass wastes into "wealth". Anaerobic digestion of straws is currently one of the most hopeful ways to realize the industrialization of biomass energy in China. However, the special physico-chemical property of straws creates a resistant ability for microorganisms and enzymes to degrade during the hydrolytic acidification process and methanogenic process, and thus limits the application and promotion of straws. For anaerobic digestion becomes a hot technology especially in China, we have quite limited knowledge on optional management of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws due to the limited fermentation equipment. Although the biogas equipment manufacture and biogas plants have been established and encouraged by the incentive polices in China, some questions still exist in anaerobic digestion, especially for the large-scale application. According to the latest results of the domestic and foreign research on relevant anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws, this article reviewed the relative contents, including the anaerobic digestion principle, the physico-chemical characteristics of feedstocks, the influence factors and shortages of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws, and the optimization of biogas and methane production. Moreover, the future research topics and prospects of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws were suggested aiming at accelerating the research and application. This study indicated that the theory about the anaerobic digestion was relatively mature, the physico-chemical construction of straws directly decided the hydrolysis rates and indirectly influenced the biogas production and the efficiency, and thus summarized the influence factors of anaerobic digestion. Based on the influence factors and shortages of anaerobic digestion, the most efficient, environmental- friendly and feasible pretreatment methods were picked out to enhance biogas production. In order to satisfy the industrial demands of anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws, optimization methods of biogas production and anaerobic digestion of straws were listed. The conclusion can be recognized as the reference for the efficient engineering management practice to enhance biogas production. This review also has a positive significance to promote anaerobic digestion of agricultural straws and to speed up the achievement transformation on the utilization of biomass solid wastes.
引文
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