滇西北拉巴燕山晚期花岗岩岩石成因及其成矿指示——黑云母和角闪石矿物化学证据
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摘要
在滇西北香格里拉拉巴地区,近年通过钻探新发现了燕山晚期花岗岩体及伴生的超大型钼(-铜)-多金属矿床。调查发现,岩浆成因黑云母和角闪石记录了其形成时的岩浆温度、压力、氧逸度以及物质来源等岩石成因信息,这些物理化学条件制约了成矿元素在熔体相与流体相之间的分配,成为约束岩浆过程、岩石成因及成矿机制的重要因素。本文对拉巴矿区花岗岩中黑云母和角闪石进行了详细的矿相学和成分分析,据此厘定了岩石形成的物理化学条件,探讨其岩石成因及成矿效应。结果显示,花岗岩中黑云母的Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)值较为均一,具有无钙或贫钙的特点,Ti阳离子数为0. 31～0. 52,属于岩浆成因;角闪石的Si阳离子数为6. 68～7. 20,Ti阳离子数为0. 09～0. 13,属于岩浆成因;计算获得岩浆结晶温度为705～903℃,结晶压力为59～449 MPa,侵位深度为2. 2～17. 0 km。黑云母和角闪石的矿物化学特征指示,寄主花岗岩体为I型花岗岩,具有幔源物质参与特点,形成于较高的氧逸度环境中;黑云母的卤族元素(F、Cl)含量为0. 17%～0. 58%,指示岩浆出溶流体为富含F、Cl的流体,利于Mo、Cu等元素的富集成矿,暗示本区具有很大的成矿潜力。
The late Yanshanian Laba porphyritic granite,associated with a superlarge Mo(-Cu)-polymetallic deposit,was recently identified by drilling exploration in Shangrila area of northwestern Yunnan Province. The magmatic biotites and amphiboles have recorded the detailed petrogenesis information including the temperature,pressure,oxygen fugacity,and the source origin of the parent magma. The authors investigated the mineralogical composition of the biotites and amphiboles in the porphyritic granite from the Laba Mo(-Cu) deposit,and constrained the physico-chemical conditions of the ore-bearing magmatic rocks as well as the metallogenic potential. Electron microprobe analyses(EMPA) show that the biotites have uniform Fe2 +/(Fe2 ++ Mg) values,without or with minor CaO,and the Ti cation number is 0. 31 ～ 0. 52,indicating that they are of magmatic origin. The Si,Ti cation numbers of the amphiboles are 6. 68 ～ 7. 20 and 0. 09 ～ 0. 13 respectively, indicating that they are also of magmatic origin. The authors have reached the conclusion that the formation temperature, pressure and depth of the porphyritic granite are 705 ～ 903℃, 59 ～ 449 MPa and 2. 2 ～ 17. 0 km respectively. The features of mineral geochemistry of the biotites and amphiboles suggest that the porphyritic granite belongs to the I-type granite with the addition of mantle-derived materials, and was formed in an environment with high oxygen fugacity. The values of F and Cl in the biotites are 0. 17% ～ 0. 58%, showing that the fluids exsolved from the granitic magmas were rich in F and Cl,which was beneficial for enrichment and mineralization of Mo and Cu. These results shed light on the correlation between the rock-forming and ore-forming processes for the superlarge Laba Mo(-Cu)-polymetallic deposit. Meanwhile, they also indicate that the Laba orefield has a giant potential for future exploration.
The late Yanshanian Laba porphyritic granite,associated with a superlarge Mo(-Cu)-polymetallic deposit,was recently identified by drilling exploration in Shangrila area of northwestern Yunnan Province. The magmatic biotites and amphiboles have recorded the detailed petrogenesis information including the temperature,pressure,oxygen fugacity,and the source origin of the parent magma. The authors investigated the mineralogical composition of the biotites and amphiboles in the porphyritic granite from the Laba Mo(-Cu) deposit,and constrained the physico-chemical conditions of the ore-bearing magmatic rocks as well as the metallogenic potential. Electron microprobe analyses(EMPA) show that the biotites have uniform Fe2 +/(Fe2 ++ Mg) values,without or with minor CaO,and the Ti cation number is 0. 31 ～ 0. 52,indicating that they are of magmatic origin. The Si,Ti cation numbers of the amphiboles are 6. 68 ～ 7. 20 and 0. 09 ～ 0. 13 respectively, indicating that they are also of magmatic origin. The authors have reached the conclusion that the formation temperature, pressure and depth of the porphyritic granite are 705 ～ 903℃, 59 ～ 449 MPa and 2. 2 ～ 17. 0 km respectively. The features of mineral geochemistry of the biotites and amphiboles suggest that the porphyritic granite belongs to the I-type granite with the addition of mantle-derived materials, and was formed in an environment with high oxygen fugacity. The values of F and Cl in the biotites are 0. 17% ～ 0. 58%, showing that the fluids exsolved from the granitic magmas were rich in F and Cl,which was beneficial for enrichment and mineralization of Mo and Cu. These results shed light on the correlation between the rock-forming and ore-forming processes for the superlarge Laba Mo(-Cu)-polymetallic deposit. Meanwhile, they also indicate that the Laba orefield has a giant potential for future exploration.
引文
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Li W C,Yu H J,Gao X,et al.2017.Review of Mesozoic multiple magmatism and porphyry Cu-Mo(W)mineralization in the Yidun Arc,eastern Tibet Plateau[J].Ore Geology Reviews,90:795~812.
Li Wenchang,Yu Haijun,Yin Guanghou,et al.2012.Re-Os dating of molybdenite from Tongchanggou Mo-polymetallic deposit in northwest Yunnan and its metallogenic environment[J].Mineral Deposits,31(2):282~292(in Chinese).
Lin Wenwei and Peng Lijun.1994.The estimation of Fe3+and Fe2+contents in amphibole and biotite from MEMP data[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,24(2):155~162(in Chinese).
Linnen R L,Pichavant M and Holtz F.1996.The combined effects of fO2and melt composition on SnO2solubility and tin diffusivity in haplogranitic melts[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,60(24):4 965~4 976.
Liu Xuelong,Li Wenchang and Yin Guanghou.2013.The indosinian crust uplift-denudation in Geza arc of Yunnan Province and its geological significance:Evidence from biotitie geobarometer[J].Geoscience,27(3):537~546,628(in Chinese).
Liu Wei.2001.The role of magmatic fluid in the ore-formation of hydrothermal deposits[J].Earth Science Frontiers,8(3):203~215(in Chinese).
Ma Changqian,Yang Kunguang,Tang Zhonghua,et al.1994.Granite and Magmatic Kinetics-Theoretical Method and Case Study on the Edong Granite[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,210~212(in Chinese).
Ma Runze,Xiao Yuanfu,Wei Xiangui,et al.1997.Reasearch on the geochemical property and gensis of basic and ultrabasic rocks of Jinning Preiod in the Mocangshan area,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,S1:38~50(in Chinese).
Manning D A C and Henderson P.1984.The behavior of tungsten in granite melt vapour systems[J].Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology,86:286~293.
Munoz J Z.1992.Calculation of HF and HCl fugacities from biotite compositions:Revised equations[J].Geological Society of America Abstract Programs,24:A221.
O’Neill H St C and Pownceby M L.1993.Thermodynamic data from redox reactions at high temperatures.I.An experimental and theoretical assessment of the electrochemical method using stabilized zirconia electrolytes,with revised values for the Fe-“Fe O”,Co-CoO,NiNi O,and Cu-Cu2O oxygen buffers,and new data for the W-WO2buffer[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,114:296~314.
Railsback L B.2003.An earth scientist’s periodic table of the elements and their ions[J].Geology,31(9):737~740.
Reid A J,Wilson C J L,Shun L,et al.2007.Mesozoic plutons of the Yidun Arc,SW China:U/Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic signature[J].Ore Geology Reviews,31:88~106.
Ridolfi F,Renzulli A and Puerini M.2010.Stability and chemical equilibrium of amphibole in calc-alkaline magmas:An overview,new thermobarometric formulations and application to subduction-related volcanoes[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,160:45~66.
Rieder M,Cavazzini G,D’yakonov,et al.1998.Nomenclature of the micas[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,36(3):905~912.
Sato K.2012.Sedimentary crust and metallogeny of granitiod affinity:Implication from the geotectonic histories of Circun-Japan sea region,central Andes and Southeastern Australia[J].Resource Geology,62(4):329~351.
Schmidt M W.1992.Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure:An experimental calibration of the Al-in-hornblende barometer[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,110:304~310.
Stemprok M.1990.Solubility of tin,tungsten and molybdenum oxides in felsic magmas[J].Mineralium Deposita,25(3):205~212.
Stone D.2000.Temperature and pressure variations in suites of Archean felsic plutonic rocks,Berens River area,northwest Superior Province,Ontario,Canada[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,38(2):455~470.
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