高应力软岩巷道全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆受力特征研究
|
摘要
针对高应力软岩巷道全长锚固玻璃钢锚杆受力特征及失效问题,采用FLAC3D软件对软岩巷道中同断面不同安装部位玻璃钢锚杆轴向和横向受力特征及其随支护时间的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:软岩巷道顶板和两帮处锚杆主要受轴向拉伸作用,而拱肩和底角处锚杆受到轴向拉伸和横向弯曲的综合作用。随着支护时间的增长,顶板和两帮处锚杆轴力增大明显,但锚杆弯矩较小;而拱肩和底角处锚杆除轴力增大外,其弯矩变化也较大,锚杆弯矩呈现先增大后减小的规律,且弯矩较大的部分主要集中在靠近临空面的外端部,易使锚杆受到横向弯曲的影响而发生弯拉失效。研究结果与现有文献理论研究及现场试验结果相吻合,能为高应力软岩巷道中玻璃钢锚杆及其他黏结式锚杆支护设计和参数优化提供理论指导。
In view of the mechanical characteristics and invalidation problems of fully grouted GFRP rock bolts in highly stressed soft rock tunnel, the FLAC3 D software is used to analyze the axial and transverse force characteristics of GFRP rock bolts in different parts of the same section in soft rock tunnel and their change rules with support time. It has been found that bolts at the arch and two sides of soft rock tunnel are mainly subjected to the axial tension, while bolts at the spandrel and arch angle are subjected to the combined action of axial tension and transverse bending. With the increase of support time, the axial force of rock bolts at the arch and two sides of the tunnel increases obviously, but the bending moment is small. However, as to the rock bolts at the spandrel and arch angle, not only the axial force increases but also the bending moment changes a lot. The bending moment increases firstly to the maximum and then decreases, and the large bending moment is mainly concentrated on the outer end near the free face, which causes the bolts easily affected by the lateral bending and leads to the bending failure. The research results are consistent with the existing theoretical research and field test data,which can provide theoretical guidance for the design and parameter optimization of GFRP rock bolts and other bonded bolts support in highly stressed soft rock tunnel.
In view of the mechanical characteristics and invalidation problems of fully grouted GFRP rock bolts in highly stressed soft rock tunnel, the FLAC3 D software is used to analyze the axial and transverse force characteristics of GFRP rock bolts in different parts of the same section in soft rock tunnel and their change rules with support time. It has been found that bolts at the arch and two sides of soft rock tunnel are mainly subjected to the axial tension, while bolts at the spandrel and arch angle are subjected to the combined action of axial tension and transverse bending. With the increase of support time, the axial force of rock bolts at the arch and two sides of the tunnel increases obviously, but the bending moment is small. However, as to the rock bolts at the spandrel and arch angle, not only the axial force increases but also the bending moment changes a lot. The bending moment increases firstly to the maximum and then decreases, and the large bending moment is mainly concentrated on the outer end near the free face, which causes the bolts easily affected by the lateral bending and leads to the bending failure. The research results are consistent with the existing theoretical research and field test data,which can provide theoretical guidance for the design and parameter optimization of GFRP rock bolts and other bonded bolts support in highly stressed soft rock tunnel.
引文
[1]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91-99.ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,ZUO Jianping.Developments in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the condition of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91-99.
[2]王卫军,李树清,欧阳广斌.深井煤层巷道围岩控制技术及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2102-2107.WANG Weijun,LI Shuqing,OUYANG Guangbin.Study on technique and test of surrounding rock control of deep shaft coal tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2102-2107.
[3]王文杰.高应力区巷道卸压支护技术及应用[J].金属矿山,2010,39(3):23-25.WANG Wenjie.Depressurized support method and application in the development working of high stress area[J].Metal Mine,2010,39(3):23-25.
[4]朱训国,杨庆,栾茂田,等.围岩中原始垂直地应力对圆形隧洞全长注浆岩石锚杆应力分布模式的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2928-2934.ZHU Xunguo,YANG Qing,LUAN Maotian,et al.Effect analysis of initial vertical geostress in surrounding rock on stress distribution mode of fully grouted rock bolt in circular tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Sup 1):2928-2934.
[5]MARTíN L B,TIJANI M,HADJ-HASSEN F.A new analytical solution to the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted rockbolts subjected to pull-out tests[J].Construction&Building Materials,2011,25(2):749-755.
[6]孙晓明,何满潮,杨晓杰.深部软岩巷道锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1061-1065.SUN Xiaoming,HE Manchao,YANG Xiaojie.Research on nonlinear mechanics design method of bolt-net-anchor coupling support for deep soft rock tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1061-1065.
[7]张志康,王连国,单仁亮,等.深部动压巷道高阻让压支护技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):33-37.ZHANG Zhikang,WANG Lianguo,SHAN Renliang,et al.Research and application of pressure relief anchor box beam support system in deep coal roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):33-37.
[8]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[9]王平,姜福兴,王存文,等.大变形锚杆索协调防冲支护的理论研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):191-196.WANG Ping,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,et al.The study on coordination for avoiding impact using bolt and anchor cable with large deformation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):191-196.
[10]孟庆彬,韩立军,张帆舸,等.深部高应力软岩巷道耦合支护效应研究及应用[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1424-1435.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,ZHANG Fange,et al.Coupling support effect on high-stress deep soft rock roadway and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1424-1435.
[11]余伟健,高谦,朱川曲.深部软弱围岩叠加拱承载体强度理论及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2134-2142.YU Weijian,GAO Qian,ZHU Chuanqu.Study of strength theory and application of overlap arch bearing body for deep soft surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2134-2142.
[12]李刚,梁冰,张国华.高应力软岩巷道变形特征及其支护参数设计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):183-186.LI Gang,LIANG Bing,ZHANG Guohua.Deformation features of roadway in highly stressed soft rock and design of supporting parameters[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):183-186.
[13]FREEMAN T J.The behaviour of fully-bonded rock bolts in the Kielder experimental tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1997,15(7):1015-1023.
[14]KANG H.Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines:a review[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):261-277.
[15]SUN L,WU H,YANG B,et al.Support failure of a high-stress soft-rock roadway in deep coal mine and the equalized yielding support technology:a case study[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2015,2(4):279-286.
[16]何炳银,王珏.沿空巷道锚杆与锚索破断的调查分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2005,22(1):55-57.HE Bingyin,WANG Yu.Investigation of breakage of bolt and cable in gob-side entry[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2005,22(1):55-57.
[17]曾佑富,伍永平,来兴平,等.复杂条件下大断面巷道顶板冒落失稳分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):423-427.ZENG Youfu,WU Yongping,LAI Xingping,et al.Analysis of roof caving instability mechanism of large-section roadway under complex conditions[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):423-427.
[18]KANG H,WU Y,GAO F,et al.Fracture characteristics in rock bolts in underground coal mine roadways[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,62(5):105-112.
[19]王文杰,马雄忠,邹常富,等.金山店铁矿玻璃钢锚杆支护试验及存在问题[J].金属矿山,2012,41(10):1-4.WANG Wenjie,MA Xiongzhong,ZOU Changfu,et al.The GFRP bolt support test in Jinshandian iron mine and the existing problem[J].Metal Mine,2012,41(10):1-4.
[20]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Fast language analysis of continua in 3 dimensions,user’s manual[M].Version3.0.2005:62-65.
[21]康红普,姜铁明,高富强.预应力锚杆支护参数的设计[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):721-726.KANG Hongpu,JIANG Tieming,GAO Fuqiang.Design for pretensioned rock bolting parameters[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):721-726.
[22]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深部岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2161-2178.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2161-2178.
[23]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[24]王全为,李栋.锚杆的应力电测方法及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增刊1):2250-2253.WANG Quanwei,LI Dong.Electric measurement of bolt stress and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Sup 1):2250-2253.
[25]杨更社,何唐镛.全长锚固锚杆的托板效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):236-245.YANG Gengshe,HE Tangyong.Simulating analysis of function of support plate for anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):236-245.
[26]WANG Wenjie,SONG Qianqiang,XI Chaoshui,et al.Mechanical behaviour of fully grouted GFRP rock bolts under the joint action of pre-tension load and blast dynamic load[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,73:82-91.
[2]王卫军,李树清,欧阳广斌.深井煤层巷道围岩控制技术及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2102-2107.WANG Weijun,LI Shuqing,OUYANG Guangbin.Study on technique and test of surrounding rock control of deep shaft coal tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2102-2107.
[3]王文杰.高应力区巷道卸压支护技术及应用[J].金属矿山,2010,39(3):23-25.WANG Wenjie.Depressurized support method and application in the development working of high stress area[J].Metal Mine,2010,39(3):23-25.
[4]朱训国,杨庆,栾茂田,等.围岩中原始垂直地应力对圆形隧洞全长注浆岩石锚杆应力分布模式的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2928-2934.ZHU Xunguo,YANG Qing,LUAN Maotian,et al.Effect analysis of initial vertical geostress in surrounding rock on stress distribution mode of fully grouted rock bolt in circular tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Sup 1):2928-2934.
[5]MARTíN L B,TIJANI M,HADJ-HASSEN F.A new analytical solution to the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted rockbolts subjected to pull-out tests[J].Construction&Building Materials,2011,25(2):749-755.
[6]孙晓明,何满潮,杨晓杰.深部软岩巷道锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1061-1065.SUN Xiaoming,HE Manchao,YANG Xiaojie.Research on nonlinear mechanics design method of bolt-net-anchor coupling support for deep soft rock tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1061-1065.
[7]张志康,王连国,单仁亮,等.深部动压巷道高阻让压支护技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):33-37.ZHANG Zhikang,WANG Lianguo,SHAN Renliang,et al.Research and application of pressure relief anchor box beam support system in deep coal roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):33-37.
[8]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[9]王平,姜福兴,王存文,等.大变形锚杆索协调防冲支护的理论研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):191-196.WANG Ping,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,et al.The study on coordination for avoiding impact using bolt and anchor cable with large deformation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):191-196.
[10]孟庆彬,韩立军,张帆舸,等.深部高应力软岩巷道耦合支护效应研究及应用[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1424-1435.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,ZHANG Fange,et al.Coupling support effect on high-stress deep soft rock roadway and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1424-1435.
[11]余伟健,高谦,朱川曲.深部软弱围岩叠加拱承载体强度理论及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2134-2142.YU Weijian,GAO Qian,ZHU Chuanqu.Study of strength theory and application of overlap arch bearing body for deep soft surrounding rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2134-2142.
[12]李刚,梁冰,张国华.高应力软岩巷道变形特征及其支护参数设计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):183-186.LI Gang,LIANG Bing,ZHANG Guohua.Deformation features of roadway in highly stressed soft rock and design of supporting parameters[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):183-186.
[13]FREEMAN T J.The behaviour of fully-bonded rock bolts in the Kielder experimental tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1997,15(7):1015-1023.
[14]KANG H.Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines:a review[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):261-277.
[15]SUN L,WU H,YANG B,et al.Support failure of a high-stress soft-rock roadway in deep coal mine and the equalized yielding support technology:a case study[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2015,2(4):279-286.
[16]何炳银,王珏.沿空巷道锚杆与锚索破断的调查分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2005,22(1):55-57.HE Bingyin,WANG Yu.Investigation of breakage of bolt and cable in gob-side entry[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2005,22(1):55-57.
[17]曾佑富,伍永平,来兴平,等.复杂条件下大断面巷道顶板冒落失稳分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):423-427.ZENG Youfu,WU Yongping,LAI Xingping,et al.Analysis of roof caving instability mechanism of large-section roadway under complex conditions[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):423-427.
[18]KANG H,WU Y,GAO F,et al.Fracture characteristics in rock bolts in underground coal mine roadways[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,62(5):105-112.
[19]王文杰,马雄忠,邹常富,等.金山店铁矿玻璃钢锚杆支护试验及存在问题[J].金属矿山,2012,41(10):1-4.WANG Wenjie,MA Xiongzhong,ZOU Changfu,et al.The GFRP bolt support test in Jinshandian iron mine and the existing problem[J].Metal Mine,2012,41(10):1-4.
[20]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Fast language analysis of continua in 3 dimensions,user’s manual[M].Version3.0.2005:62-65.
[21]康红普,姜铁明,高富强.预应力锚杆支护参数的设计[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):721-726.KANG Hongpu,JIANG Tieming,GAO Fuqiang.Design for pretensioned rock bolting parameters[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):721-726.
[22]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深部岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2161-2178.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2161-2178.
[23]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[24]王全为,李栋.锚杆的应力电测方法及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增刊1):2250-2253.WANG Quanwei,LI Dong.Electric measurement of bolt stress and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Sup 1):2250-2253.
[25]杨更社,何唐镛.全长锚固锚杆的托板效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):236-245.YANG Gengshe,HE Tangyong.Simulating analysis of function of support plate for anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):236-245.
[26]WANG Wenjie,SONG Qianqiang,XI Chaoshui,et al.Mechanical behaviour of fully grouted GFRP rock bolts under the joint action of pre-tension load and blast dynamic load[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2018,73:82-91.