轧制参数对楔横轧变截面等内径空心轴晶粒粒径的影响
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摘要
为了得到楔横轧变截面等内径空心轴的微观组织演变规律,借助刚塑性有限元软件DEFORM-3D,建立楔横轧热-力-微观组织耦合的有限元模型,对轧制过程的微观组织演变过程进行数值模拟,研究原始相对壁厚、成形角和展宽角对轧件平均晶粒粒径的影响规律。研究结果表明:轧件平均晶粒粒径随坯料原始相对壁厚Q的减小而减小,随着成形角α的减小而减小,随着展宽角β的增大先减小后增大。综合楔横轧空心轴内孔椭圆度和平均晶粒粒径的影响,原始相对壁厚Q=0.625、成形角α=40°、展宽角β=3°为最优的轧制参数,建立的有限元模型具有可靠性。
In order to obtain the microstructure evolution regularities of the hollow shaft with variable cross section and equal diameter, a finite element model of thermo-mechanical-microscopic coupling of cross wedge rolling was established by means of rigid-plastic finite element software DEFORM-3 D. The microstructure evolution of rolling process was simulated, and then the effects of the original relative wall thickness, forming angle and spreading angle on the average grain size of rolled piece were studied. The results show that the average grain size of the rolled piece decreases with the decrease of the blank original relative wall thickness(Q), decreases with the reduction of the forming angle(α), decreases first and then increases with the enlargement of the spreading angle(β). Under the influence of the ellipticity of the inner hole and the average grain size of the hollow axis of the cross wedge rolling, originally relative wall thickness Q=0.625, forming angle α =40° and spreading angle β =3° are the optimal rolling parameters. The finite element model is reliable.
In order to obtain the microstructure evolution regularities of the hollow shaft with variable cross section and equal diameter, a finite element model of thermo-mechanical-microscopic coupling of cross wedge rolling was established by means of rigid-plastic finite element software DEFORM-3 D. The microstructure evolution of rolling process was simulated, and then the effects of the original relative wall thickness, forming angle and spreading angle on the average grain size of rolled piece were studied. The results show that the average grain size of the rolled piece decreases with the decrease of the blank original relative wall thickness(Q), decreases with the reduction of the forming angle(α), decreases first and then increases with the enlargement of the spreading angle(β). Under the influence of the ellipticity of the inner hole and the average grain size of the hollow axis of the cross wedge rolling, originally relative wall thickness Q=0.625, forming angle α =40° and spreading angle β =3° are the optimal rolling parameters. The finite element model is reliable.
引文
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[17]倪正顺,帅词俊,钟掘.热挤压模具热力耦合三维数值分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):86-90.NI Zhengshun,SHUAI Cijun,ZHONG Jue.Three-dimensional coupled thermal-mechanical numerical analysis of hot extrusion dies[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2004,35(1):86-90.
[18]YING F Q,PAN B S.Analysis on temperature distribution in cross wedge rolling process with finite element method[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,187/188:392-396.
[19]刘文科,张康生,孟令博,等.楔横轧变形小断面收缩率轴类件热力耦合数值模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(1):118-123.LIU Wenke,ZHANG Kangsheng,MENG Lingbo,et al.Thermo-mechanical coupled numerical simulation of forming light area reduction shafts by cross wedge rolling[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(1):118-123.
[20]虞春杰,彭文飞,沈法,等.楔横轧变断面收缩率等内径空心轴的椭圆度分析[J].热加工工艺,2015(3):145-149.YU Chunjie,PENG Wenfei,SHEN Fa,et al.Analysis on ovality of variable cross section reduction ratio of hollow shafts with equal inner diameter formed by cross wedge rolling[J].Hot Working Technology,2015(3):145-149.
[2]束学道,Valery Y S,孙宝寿,等.楔横轧理论与成形技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:20-25.SHU Xuedao,Valery Y S,SUN Baoshou,et al.Theory and forming technology of cross wedge rolling[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:20-25.
[3]PATER Z.Development of cross-wedge rolling theory and technology[J].Steel Research International,2010,81(9):25-32.
[4]BARTNICKI J,PATER Z.Numerical simulation of three-rolls cross-wedge rolling of hollowed shaft[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,164/165:1154-1159.
[5]PENG W,ZHENG S,CHIU Y,et al.Multi-wedge cross wedge rolling process of 42CrMo4 large and long hollow shaft[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2016,45(4):836-842.
[6]张康生,王宝雨,刘晋平,等.楔横轧空心件壁厚变化规律实验研究[J].锻压技术,2000(2):34-36.ZHANG Kangsheng,WANG Baoyu,LIU Jinping,et al.Research on wall thickness of hollow workpiece rolled by cross wedge rolling[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2000(2):34-36.
[7]YANG C,HU Z.Research on the ovality of hollow shafts in cross wedge rolling with mandrel[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,83(1/2/3/4):67-76.
[8]YANG Cuiping,MA Jiawei,HU Zhenghuan.Analysis and design of cross wedge rolling hollow axle sleeve with mandrel[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,239:346-358.
[9]江洋,王宝雨,胡正寰,等.工艺参数对楔横轧厚壁空心轴不圆度的影响[J].塑性工程学报,2012,19(1):21-24,29.JIANG Yang,WANG Baoyu,HU Zhenghuan,et al.The effect of process parameter on non-circularity of thick-walled hollow axle during cross wedge rolling[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2012,19(1):21-24,29.
[10]郑书华,束学道,孙宝寿,等.楔横轧多楔轧制高铁空心车轴壁厚均匀性[J].工程科学学报,2015,37(5):648-654.ZHENG Shuhua,SHU Xuedao,SUN Baoshou,et al.Wall thickness uniformity of railway hollow shafts by cross-wedge rolling[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2015,37(5):648-654.
[11]HUO Y,LIN J,BAI Q,et al.Prediction of microstructure and ductile damage of a high-speed railway axle steel during cross wedge rolling[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,239:359-369.
[12]俞澎辉,束学道,彭文飞,等.工艺参数对多楔轧制空心车轴晶粒尺寸的影响规律[J].热加工工艺,2014(1):96-99.YU Penghui,SHU Xuedao,PENG Wenfei,et al.Influence of process parameters on grain size of hollow axle in multi-wedge cross wedge rolling[J].Hot Working Technology,2014(1):96-99.
[13]杜凤山,李学通,王敏婷,等.40Cr钢奥氏体热变形及轴类件楔横轧微观组织预报[C]//2002年中国材料研讨会.北京,2002:640-647.DU Fengshan,LI Xuetong,WANG Minting,et al.Hot deformation of austenite and microstructure prediction of cross wedge rolling of 40Cr steel[C]//China Material Symposium.Beijing,2002:640-647.
[14]张芳,黄华贵,杜凤山,等.40Cr钢等温转变曲线与非等温冷却过程数值分析[J].材料热处理学报,2009,30(2):187-191.ZHANG Fang,HUANG Huagui,DU Fengshan,et al.Simulation on isothermal transformation curves and nonisothermal kinetics[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2009,30(2):187-191.
[15]余新平,董洪波.40Cr钢奥氏体动态再结晶过程数值模拟[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2015,35(1):26-29YU Xingping,DONG Hongbo.Numerical simulation of austenite recrystallization process in 40Cr steel[J].Special-cast and Non-ferrous Alloys,2015,35(1):26-29.
[16]向勇,谭建平.棒材热轧过程的三维温度场有限元分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(6):1262-1266.XIANG Yong,TAN Jianping.Three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis of bar hot rolling process[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2008,39(6):1262-1266.
[17]倪正顺,帅词俊,钟掘.热挤压模具热力耦合三维数值分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):86-90.NI Zhengshun,SHUAI Cijun,ZHONG Jue.Three-dimensional coupled thermal-mechanical numerical analysis of hot extrusion dies[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2004,35(1):86-90.
[18]YING F Q,PAN B S.Analysis on temperature distribution in cross wedge rolling process with finite element method[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,187/188:392-396.
[19]刘文科,张康生,孟令博,等.楔横轧变形小断面收缩率轴类件热力耦合数值模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(1):118-123.LIU Wenke,ZHANG Kangsheng,MENG Lingbo,et al.Thermo-mechanical coupled numerical simulation of forming light area reduction shafts by cross wedge rolling[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(1):118-123.
[20]虞春杰,彭文飞,沈法,等.楔横轧变断面收缩率等内径空心轴的椭圆度分析[J].热加工工艺,2015(3):145-149.YU Chunjie,PENG Wenfei,SHEN Fa,et al.Analysis on ovality of variable cross section reduction ratio of hollow shafts with equal inner diameter formed by cross wedge rolling[J].Hot Working Technology,2015(3):145-149.