论乡村生态振兴
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摘要
当前,全国上下正在按照党中央、国务院的战略部署,实施乡村振兴战略。生态振兴是乡村振兴的重要组成部分,是乡村"五个振兴"(乡村产业振兴、乡村人才振兴、乡村文化振兴、乡村生态振兴、乡村组织振兴)之一。本文从生态的重要性入手,在简述生态振兴在乡村振兴中的地位和作用的基础上,着重分析了当前乡村存在的主要生态问题——生态破坏、资源浪费、环境污染、疾病增多和村庄衰减。针对存在的这些生态问题,作者提出了乡村生态振兴的战略对策和措施,即在遵循村民主体原则、"三效"并举原则、综合施策原则、因地制宜原则和久久为功原则的前提下,采取以下具体措施:制定生态规划,提高生态意识,增长生态知识,提升生态素质,弘扬生态文化,完善生态法规,强化生态治理,加强生态保护,搞生态建设,开展生态交流,重视生态科研,培养生态人才。
At present, China is implementing rural revitalization strategy in line with the strategic plan of the party central committee and the state council. Ecological revitalization is an important part of rural revitalization and one of the five forms of revitalization —rural industry revitalization, rural talent revitalization, rural culture revitalization, rural ecological revitalization and rural organization revitalization. Starting from the importance of ecology, we gave a basic brief introduction of the status and role of ecological revitalization in rural revitalization, thoroughly analyzed the main ecological problems in rural areas, including ecological destruction,resource wastage, environmental pollution, increased disease conditions and village decay. In view of the ecological problems, we put forward strategic countermeasures for rural ecological revitalization. For rural ecological revitalization, a serial of principles should be followed, including principle of villagers' dominant roles, principle of integrating economic, ecological and social benefits, principle of comprehensive implementation, principle of adaption to local conditions and principle of long term efforts and contribution. Based on these principles, the following specific measures were recommended for adoption — 1) making ecological planning, 2) improving ecological awareness, 3) increasing ecological knowledge, 4) promoting ecological quality, 5) promoting ecological culture, 6) improving ecological regulation, 7) strengthening ecological governance, 8) strengthening ecological protection, 9) engaging in ecological construction, 10) conducting ecological communication, 11) attaching importance to ecological research and 12) cultivating ecological talents.
At present, China is implementing rural revitalization strategy in line with the strategic plan of the party central committee and the state council. Ecological revitalization is an important part of rural revitalization and one of the five forms of revitalization —rural industry revitalization, rural talent revitalization, rural culture revitalization, rural ecological revitalization and rural organization revitalization. Starting from the importance of ecology, we gave a basic brief introduction of the status and role of ecological revitalization in rural revitalization, thoroughly analyzed the main ecological problems in rural areas, including ecological destruction,resource wastage, environmental pollution, increased disease conditions and village decay. In view of the ecological problems, we put forward strategic countermeasures for rural ecological revitalization. For rural ecological revitalization, a serial of principles should be followed, including principle of villagers' dominant roles, principle of integrating economic, ecological and social benefits, principle of comprehensive implementation, principle of adaption to local conditions and principle of long term efforts and contribution. Based on these principles, the following specific measures were recommended for adoption — 1) making ecological planning, 2) improving ecological awareness, 3) increasing ecological knowledge, 4) promoting ecological quality, 5) promoting ecological culture, 6) improving ecological regulation, 7) strengthening ecological governance, 8) strengthening ecological protection, 9) engaging in ecological construction, 10) conducting ecological communication, 11) attaching importance to ecological research and 12) cultivating ecological talents.
引文
[1]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见[J].中国合作经济,2018,(2):18-27Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy[J].China Co-operation Economy,2018,(2):18-27
[2]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利--在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告(2017年10月18日)[R].北京:人民出版社,2017年10月XI J P.Decisive Winning of Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way to Win a Great Victory in Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era-At the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(October18th,2017)[R].Beijing:People’s Publishing House,2017
[3]扎扎实实把乡村振兴战略实施好--六论学习贯彻习近平总书记在山东代表团关于乡村振兴的讲话精神[N].农民日报,2018-3-15(第1版)Practical implementation strategy of rural revitalizationStudy and implement the speech of the General Secretary XIJinping about rural revitalization in Shandong Delegation[N].Farmers’Daily,2018-3-15(The 001th)
[4]肖凡.浅谈当前农村地区水环境保护战略思想[J].华商,2008,(22):9XIAO F.A brief discussion on the current strategic thinking of water environment protection in rural areas[J].Chinese Businessman,2008,(22):9
[5]于法稳.基于健康视角的乡村振兴战略相关问题研究[J].重庆社会科学,2018,(4):6-15YU F W.Research on the issues related to Rural Vitalization Strategy Based on Health Perspective[J],Chongqing Social Sciences,2018,(4):6-15
[6]王永生,刘彦随.中国乡村生态环境污染现状及重构策略[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):710-717WANG Y S,LIU Y S.Pollution and restructuring strategies of rural ecological environment in China[J].Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):710-717
[7]丁凡,黄立勇,王锐,等.中国2004-2015年突发水污染事件监测数据分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(1):59-62DING F,HUANG L Y,WANG R,et al.Water pollution emergencies in China,2004-2015:Monitoring data analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2017,33(1):59-62
[8]王玉军,刘存,周东美,等.客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状--关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中有关问题的讨论和建议[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1465-1473WANG Y J,LIU C,ZHOU D M,et al.A critical view on the status quo of the farmland soil environmental quality in China:Discussion and suggestion of relevant issues on Report on the National General Survey of Soil Contamination[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(8):1465-1473
[9]王敬中.我国每年因重金属污染粮食达1200万吨[J].农村实用技术,2006,(11):27WANG J Z.China has 12 million tons grain contaminated by heavy metals every year[J].Rural Practical Technology,2006,(11):27
[10]林黛茜,韩英,王叶舟,等.福建省高血压患病情况及影响因素分析[J].中华高血压杂志,2018,26(2):159-163LIN D X,HAN Y,WANG Y Z,et al.Prevalence and related risk factors of hypertension in Fujian Province[J].Chinese Journal of Hypertension,2018,26(2):159-163
[11]孙庆升.环境污染助推不孕不育[N].保健时报,2010-7-29(第007版)SUN Q S.Environmental pollution contributes to infertility[N].Healthcare Times,2010-7-29(The 007th)
[12]龚胜生,张涛.中国“癌症村”时空分布变迁研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(9):156-164GONG S S,ZHANG T.Temporal-spatial distribution changes of cancer Villages in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(9):156-164
[13]官天明,石始宏.河北省“空心村”现状调查及分析[J].中小企业管理与科技(中旬刊),2016,(4):92-93GUAN T M,SHI S H.Investigation and analysis of the current situation of“hollow village”in Hebei Province[J].Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Management and Technology,2016,(4):92-93
[14]张孝德.生态文明视野下中国乡村文明发展命运反思[J].行政管理改革,2013,(3):27-34ZHANG X D.Reflection on the development destiny of Chinese rural civilization from the perspective of ecological civilization[J].Administration Reform,2013,(3):27-34
[15]张晓山.农村基层治理结构:现状、问题与展望[J].求索,2016,(7):4-11ZHANG X S.Rural grass-roots governance structure:Current situation,problems and prospects[J].Seeker,2016,(7):4-11
[2]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利--在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告(2017年10月18日)[R].北京:人民出版社,2017年10月XI J P.Decisive Winning of Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way to Win a Great Victory in Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era-At the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(October18th,2017)[R].Beijing:People’s Publishing House,2017
[3]扎扎实实把乡村振兴战略实施好--六论学习贯彻习近平总书记在山东代表团关于乡村振兴的讲话精神[N].农民日报,2018-3-15(第1版)Practical implementation strategy of rural revitalizationStudy and implement the speech of the General Secretary XIJinping about rural revitalization in Shandong Delegation[N].Farmers’Daily,2018-3-15(The 001th)
[4]肖凡.浅谈当前农村地区水环境保护战略思想[J].华商,2008,(22):9XIAO F.A brief discussion on the current strategic thinking of water environment protection in rural areas[J].Chinese Businessman,2008,(22):9
[5]于法稳.基于健康视角的乡村振兴战略相关问题研究[J].重庆社会科学,2018,(4):6-15YU F W.Research on the issues related to Rural Vitalization Strategy Based on Health Perspective[J],Chongqing Social Sciences,2018,(4):6-15
[6]王永生,刘彦随.中国乡村生态环境污染现状及重构策略[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):710-717WANG Y S,LIU Y S.Pollution and restructuring strategies of rural ecological environment in China[J].Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):710-717
[7]丁凡,黄立勇,王锐,等.中国2004-2015年突发水污染事件监测数据分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(1):59-62DING F,HUANG L Y,WANG R,et al.Water pollution emergencies in China,2004-2015:Monitoring data analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2017,33(1):59-62
[8]王玉军,刘存,周东美,等.客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状--关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中有关问题的讨论和建议[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1465-1473WANG Y J,LIU C,ZHOU D M,et al.A critical view on the status quo of the farmland soil environmental quality in China:Discussion and suggestion of relevant issues on Report on the National General Survey of Soil Contamination[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(8):1465-1473
[9]王敬中.我国每年因重金属污染粮食达1200万吨[J].农村实用技术,2006,(11):27WANG J Z.China has 12 million tons grain contaminated by heavy metals every year[J].Rural Practical Technology,2006,(11):27
[10]林黛茜,韩英,王叶舟,等.福建省高血压患病情况及影响因素分析[J].中华高血压杂志,2018,26(2):159-163LIN D X,HAN Y,WANG Y Z,et al.Prevalence and related risk factors of hypertension in Fujian Province[J].Chinese Journal of Hypertension,2018,26(2):159-163
[11]孙庆升.环境污染助推不孕不育[N].保健时报,2010-7-29(第007版)SUN Q S.Environmental pollution contributes to infertility[N].Healthcare Times,2010-7-29(The 007th)
[12]龚胜生,张涛.中国“癌症村”时空分布变迁研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(9):156-164GONG S S,ZHANG T.Temporal-spatial distribution changes of cancer Villages in China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(9):156-164
[13]官天明,石始宏.河北省“空心村”现状调查及分析[J].中小企业管理与科技(中旬刊),2016,(4):92-93GUAN T M,SHI S H.Investigation and analysis of the current situation of“hollow village”in Hebei Province[J].Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Management and Technology,2016,(4):92-93
[14]张孝德.生态文明视野下中国乡村文明发展命运反思[J].行政管理改革,2013,(3):27-34ZHANG X D.Reflection on the development destiny of Chinese rural civilization from the perspective of ecological civilization[J].Administration Reform,2013,(3):27-34
[15]张晓山.农村基层治理结构:现状、问题与展望[J].求索,2016,(7):4-11ZHANG X S.Rural grass-roots governance structure:Current situation,problems and prospects[J].Seeker,2016,(7):4-11