基于渔获群落多样性指标的深水流刺网渔具作业性能分析
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摘要
根据在东海区开展的3种型深水流刺网选择性试验数据,对3种型深水流网渔获组成、多样性及渔获性能进行了分析比较研究。结果表明:(1)本次试验共捕获33种渔获物,包括鱼类28种、头足类3种、甲壳类2种,其中3种型刺网均捕获种类8种;(2)3种型刺网优势种存在差异,日本方头鱼和黄鲷为共同优势种;(3)3种型刺网捕获种类多样性指数(D值、H’值、J’值)均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),但渔获种类差异明显,3种型刺网两两比较种类Sorensen相似度均低于50%;(4)同型刺网相邻网目尺寸Bray-Curtis相似性较高,随着网目间距增加,相似度逐渐减低,以重量和尾数计算的相似性基本趋于一致;(5)3种型刺网随网目尺寸的增加(50～70mm),其W统计值(-0.113～0.040)总体上呈现依次增大的趋势,干扰程度逐渐较低。从生态多样性保护角度,增大网目尺寸是目前保护东海区底层生物多样性最有效的方式之一。
Based on the selective test data of three kinds of gillnets in the East China Sea, species composition, community diversity and catching performance were analyzed. The results showed that(1) a total of 33 species were captured, which included fish(28 species), cephalopods(3 species) and crustaceans(2 species), 8 species each gillnet in average;(2) the dominant species were different among gillnets, and Branchiostegus japonicas and Dentex tumifrons were common;(3) the diversity indices(D, H' and J') were similar among gillnets(p>0.05) while the species captured were different, and the Sorensen similarity was<50%;(4) the Sorensen similarity was similar between adjacent mesh sizes of gillnets in terms of number and biomass, and the similarity decreased gradually with the increase of mesh space;(5) W(-0.113-0.040) increased with the increase of mesh size(50-70 mm), and the degree of impact decreased gradually. In order to protect the ecological diversity, increasing mesh size is one of the most effective ways.
Based on the selective test data of three kinds of gillnets in the East China Sea, species composition, community diversity and catching performance were analyzed. The results showed that(1) a total of 33 species were captured, which included fish(28 species), cephalopods(3 species) and crustaceans(2 species), 8 species each gillnet in average;(2) the dominant species were different among gillnets, and Branchiostegus japonicas and Dentex tumifrons were common;(3) the diversity indices(D, H' and J') were similar among gillnets(p>0.05) while the species captured were different, and the Sorensen similarity was<50%;(4) the Sorensen similarity was similar between adjacent mesh sizes of gillnets in terms of number and biomass, and the similarity decreased gradually with the increase of mesh space;(5) W(-0.113-0.040) increased with the increase of mesh size(50-70 mm), and the degree of impact decreased gradually. In order to protect the ecological diversity, increasing mesh size is one of the most effective ways.
引文
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[19] 官文江,田思泉,王学昉,等.CPUE标准化方法与模型选择的回顾与展望[J].北京:中国水产科学,2014,21(4):852-862.
[20] 孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:109-160.
[21] 张洪亮,徐开达,朱增军等.岱衢洋鱼类资源及其群落多样性的季节变化[J].上海:水产学报,2012,
[22] 张健,孙满昌.刺网渔具选择性研究进展[J].北京:中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1040-1048.
[23] 黄六一,高慧良,唐衍力,等.海州湾坛子网网囊网目选择性研究[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(11):143-150.
[24] 任一平,徐宾铎,叶振江,等.青岛近海春、秋渔业资源群落结构特征的初步研究[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(5):792-798.
[2] 陈冬分.深水流网渔业发展剖析[J].上海:海洋渔业,1994,16(6):267-268.
[3] 周婉霞,薄治礼,陈卫平.东海北部、黄海南部深水流网渔业资源调查[J].舟山:浙江海洋学院学报,2005,24(1):9-26.
[4] 薄治礼,周婉霞,薛利建,等.东海北部、黄海南部方头鱼资源调查[J].上海:水产学报,2005,38(5):676-681.
[5] 张洪亮,宋之琦,潘国良,等.浙江南部近海春季鱼类多样性分析[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,2013,(01):126-134.
[6] 陈小庆,俞存根,宋海棠,等.东海中北部海域虾类群聚结构特征及空间分布[J].杭州:海洋学研究,2010,(04):50-58.
[7] 李凡,吕振波,魏振华,等.2010年莱州湾底层渔业生物群落结构及季节变化[J].北京:中国水产科学,2013,(01):137-147.
[8] 汪洋,吴常文.中街山列岛岩礁海域鱼类群落多样性研究[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,2015,(04):776-785.
[9] 朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,等.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:241-243.
[10] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:56-62.
[11] Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters.Fish Bulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[12] 梁君,徐汉祥,王伟定.中街山列岛海洋保护区鱼类物种多样性.北京:生态学报,2013,33(18):5905-5916.
[13] 李涛,张秀梅,张沛东,等.山东半岛南部近海海域渔业资源群落结构的季节变化[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(1/2):41-50.
[14] Wilhm J L.Use of biomass units in Shannon’s formula[J].Ecology,1968,49:153-156.
[15] 赵静,章守宇,周曦杰,等.浙江嵊泗枸杞岛岩礁生境两种刺网采样网具比较[J].上海:水产学报,2013,37(2):311-320.
[16] Bray T R,Curtis J T.An ordination of the upland forest communities of soerthen Wisconsin[J].Ecol Monogr,1975,27:325-349.
[17] 张鹏,杨吝,张旭丰,等.南海区金线鱼刺网网目选择性[J].北京:中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1085-1093.
[18] 李圣法.以数量生物量比较评价东海鱼类群落的状况[J].北京:中国水产科学,2008,15(1):136-144.
[19] 官文江,田思泉,王学昉,等.CPUE标准化方法与模型选择的回顾与展望[J].北京:中国水产科学,2014,21(4):852-862.
[20] 孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:109-160.
[21] 张洪亮,徐开达,朱增军等.岱衢洋鱼类资源及其群落多样性的季节变化[J].上海:水产学报,2012,
[22] 张健,孙满昌.刺网渔具选择性研究进展[J].北京:中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1040-1048.
[23] 黄六一,高慧良,唐衍力,等.海州湾坛子网网囊网目选择性研究[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(11):143-150.
[24] 任一平,徐宾铎,叶振江,等.青岛近海春、秋渔业资源群落结构特征的初步研究[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35(5):792-798.