CO_2腐蚀对钻杆材料多冲疲劳性能的影响
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摘要
目的探究CO_2腐蚀对钻杆材料多冲疲劳性能的影响规律,分析表面腐蚀产物对多冲性能是否有严重影响。方法利用自主研发的多冲疲劳断裂试验机,测试V150和S135钻杆材料在常温常压下饱和CO_2溶液中浸泡腐蚀不同时间后的冲断累积能量,利用失重法计算各试样的腐蚀速率,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察腐蚀后的表面形貌及冲断后的断口形貌,用XRD测试了腐蚀产物的主要成分。结果两种材料在CO_2腐蚀环境中的腐蚀速率均达到了0.05 mm/a以上,属于中度腐蚀,但S135材料的腐蚀速率略低于V150。随着腐蚀时间的增加,两种材料的冲断累积能量均不断下降,但腐蚀速率稍低的S135材料的冲断累积能量下降率(19.68%)低于V150(22.54%)。CO_2腐蚀使钻杆材料表面产生了龟裂状形貌和结晶状腐蚀产物,其主要成分为Fe(HCO_3)_2。CO_2腐蚀并未对内部组织结构造成较大影响,未造成钻杆材料的脆断。结论在CO_2腐蚀环境下的钻杆材料,尽管腐蚀速率较高,但CO_2腐蚀对材料多冲疲劳性能的影响小于H2S腐蚀,腐蚀速率不是影响材料多冲性能的关键因素。
The work aims to investigate the effect rules of CO_2 corrosion on the repeated impact fatigue properties of drill pipe materials and analyze whether surface corrosion products have serious impact on multiple impact properties. The cumulative impact energy of V150 and S135 after immersion in saturated CO_2 solution for different corrosion time at normal temperature and ordinary pressure was tested by the independently developed repeated impact fatigue testing machine. The corrosion rate of each sample was calculated by weight loss method. The surface morphology after corrosion and fracture morphology were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The main components of corrosion products were tested by XRD. The corrosion rates of the two materials in the CO_2 corrosion environment reached more than 0.05 mm/a, which belonged to moderate corrosion, but the corrosion rate of S135 was slightly lower than that of V150. With the increase of corrosion time, the cumulative impact energy of the two materials decreased continuously, but the cumulative energy decline rate(19.68%) of S135 with lower corrosion rate was lower than that(22.54%) of V150. The CO_2 corrosion caused the crack morphology and crystalline corrosion products on the surface of the drill pipe materials which mainly consisted of Fe(HCO_3)_2. The CO_2 corrosion did not affect the internal structure obviously or cause the brittle fracture of the drill pipe materials. The corrosion rate of drill pipe materials under corrosion environment is higher, but the effect of CO_2 corrosion on the repeated impact fatigue properties is smaller than H2 S. Therefore, the corrosion rate is not the key factor affecting the repeated impact fatigue properties of drill pipe materials.
The work aims to investigate the effect rules of CO_2 corrosion on the repeated impact fatigue properties of drill pipe materials and analyze whether surface corrosion products have serious impact on multiple impact properties. The cumulative impact energy of V150 and S135 after immersion in saturated CO_2 solution for different corrosion time at normal temperature and ordinary pressure was tested by the independently developed repeated impact fatigue testing machine. The corrosion rate of each sample was calculated by weight loss method. The surface morphology after corrosion and fracture morphology were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The main components of corrosion products were tested by XRD. The corrosion rates of the two materials in the CO_2 corrosion environment reached more than 0.05 mm/a, which belonged to moderate corrosion, but the corrosion rate of S135 was slightly lower than that of V150. With the increase of corrosion time, the cumulative impact energy of the two materials decreased continuously, but the cumulative energy decline rate(19.68%) of S135 with lower corrosion rate was lower than that(22.54%) of V150. The CO_2 corrosion caused the crack morphology and crystalline corrosion products on the surface of the drill pipe materials which mainly consisted of Fe(HCO_3)_2. The CO_2 corrosion did not affect the internal structure obviously or cause the brittle fracture of the drill pipe materials. The corrosion rate of drill pipe materials under corrosion environment is higher, but the effect of CO_2 corrosion on the repeated impact fatigue properties is smaller than H2 S. Therefore, the corrosion rate is not the key factor affecting the repeated impact fatigue properties of drill pipe materials.
引文
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[2]ZHAO Y X,YANG B,ZHAI Z Y.The framework for a strain-based fatigue reliability analysis[J].International journal of fatigue,2008,30(3):493-50.
[3]周惠久,黄明志.在多次重复冲击载荷下钢的断裂抗力的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1962,1(1):2-5.ZHOU Hui-jiu,HUANG Ming-zhi.Study on fracture resistance of steel under repeated impact loading[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1962,1(1):2-5.
[4]李会会,易丹青,刘会群,等.硬质合金冲击疲劳行为的研究[J].硬质合金,2014,31(2):103-108.LI Hui-hui,YI Dan-qing,LIU Hui-qun,et al.Research on impact fatigue behaviour of cemented carbide[J].Cemented carbide,2014,31(2):103-108.
[5]黄道远.热/力作用下钴基硬质合金组织性能变化及相关机理的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010:13-14.HUANG Dao-yuan.Microstuctures,properties,and mechanisms of Co-based cemented carbides under external heat/load conditions[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010:13-14.
[6]DHAR S.Repeated impact on fatigue fracture of carbon spring En-42J steel[J].Theoretical&applied fracture mechanics,1988,10(2):166-168.
[7]BA D.An experimental investigation of fatigue-crack growth in drillstring tubulars[J].Spe drilling engineering,1988,3(4):358-360.
[8]POLETTO F,CARCIONE J M,PINNA G.Flexural waves in drill-string tubulars with variable loads[J].Geophysical prospecting,2013,61(5):955-972.
[9]孙永兴,林元华,张智,等.钻柱失效的动态断裂力学探讨[J].物理测试,2008,26(2):17-19.SUN Yong-xing,LIN Yuan-hua,ZHANG Zhi,et al.Discusson failure of drill-stringin dynamic fracture[J].Physics examination and testing,2008,26(2):17-19.
[10]LIN Y H,LI Q,SUN Y X,et al.A repeated impact method and instrument to evaluate the impact fatigue property of drillpipe[J].Journal of materials engineering&performance,2013,22(4):1064-1071.
[11]王文龙,赵勤,李子丰,等.普光气田气体钻井钻具失效原因分析及预防措施[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(5):39-42.WANG Wen-long,ZHAO Qin,LI Zi-feng,et al.Cause analysis and precautions of drilling tools failure during gas drilling in Puguang gas field[J].Oil drilling&production technology,2008,30(5):39-42.
[12]王新虎,邝献任,吕拴录,等.材料性能对钻杆腐蚀疲劳寿命影响的试验研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):313-316.WANG Xin-hu,KUANG Xian-ren,LV Shuan-lu,et al.Experimental study on influence of material property on corrosion fatigue ife of drill pipes[J].Acta petrolei sinica,2009,30(2):313-316.
[13]林元华,潘杰,刘婉颖,等.硫化氢环境下G-105和S-135钻杆的低载多冲疲劳性能[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):61-62.LIN Yuan-hua,PAN Jie,LIU Wan-ying,et al.Low-load repeated impact testing of G-105 and S-135 drill pipes in H2S environment[J].Oil drilling&production technology,2016,38(1):61-62.
[14]VIDEM K,DUGSTAD A.Effect of flow rate,pH,Fe2+concentration and steel quality on the CO2 corrosion of carbon steels[J].Progress in cardiovascular diseases,1987,29(3):1-2.
[15]张学元,王凤平,于海燕,等.二氧化碳腐蚀防护对策研究[J].腐蚀与防护,1997,18(3):8-9.ZHANG Xue-yuan,WANG Feng-ping,YU Hai-yan,et al.Research on the protection of carbon dioxide corrosion[J].Corrosion&protection,1997,18(3):8-9.
[16]WASKOWSKA A,GERWARD L,OLSEN S J,et al.Low-temperature and high-pressure structural behaviour of NaBi(MoO4)2-An X-ray diffraction study[J].J Solid State Chem,2005,178:2219-2223.
[17]李建忠,王海成,李宁.油气田开发中二氧化碳腐蚀的危害与研究现状[J].广州化工,2011,39(21):21-22.LI Jian-zhong,WANG Hai-cheng,LI Ning,et al.The hazards and research status of carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas[J].Guangzhou chemical industry,2011,39(21):21-22.
[18]郑洋,万夫,周咏琳,等.CO2腐蚀下的钻杆应力与疲劳寿命实验研究[J].石油工业技术监督,2016,32(10):50-52.ZHENG Yang,WAN Fu,ZHOU Yong-lin,et al.Experimental study on stress and fatigue life of drill pipe under CO2corrosion[J].Technology supervision in petroleum industry,2016,32(10):50-52.
[19]NACE Standard RP 0775-2005,Preparation,installation,analysis,and interpretation of corrosion coupons in oilfield operations[S].
[20]朱克华,刘云,苏娜,等.油井二氧化碳腐蚀行为规律及研究进展[J].全面腐蚀控制,2013,27(10):24-25.ZHU Ke-hua,LIU Yun,SU Na,et al.Behavior pattern and research progress of carbon dioxide corrosion in oil well[J].Total corrosion control,2013,27(10):24-25.
[21]冯蓓,杨敏,李秉风,等.二氧化碳腐蚀机理及影响因素[J].辽宁化工,2010,39(9):976-977.FENG Bei,YANG Min,LI Bing-feng,et al.Mechanism and influence factor of CO2 corrosion[J].Liaoning chemical industry,2010,39(9):976-977.
[22]李桂芝,孙冬柏,何业东.碳钢二氧化碳腐蚀研究现状[J].油气储运,1998,17(8):34-38.LI Gui-zhi,SUN Dong-bai,HE Ye-dong.Research status of carbon steel with CO2 corrosion[J].Oil&Gas storage and transportation,1998,17(8):34-38.