天然气深冷装置CO_2腐蚀研究
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摘要
大庆油田某深冷装置运行7年,三级压缩出口管线腐蚀失效破裂,造成较大的经济损失。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等设备及技术手段,观察分析了腐蚀产物的形貌和成分,管道腐蚀主要为CO_2腐蚀。随着油田的持续开发,油田伴生气中的CO_2含量上升,使深冷装置三级压缩出口的CO_2分压超过0.21 MPa,管道处于重度腐蚀区域。采用高压动态模拟实验,研究了20#碳钢、316L不锈钢、5Cr低合金钢、16Mn低合金高强钢等4种管材在装置运行条件下的腐蚀速率,结果表明,20#钢的腐蚀速率为1.016 68 mm/a,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率为0.002 13 mm/a;4种材料耐蚀性能由高到低的排序为316L不锈钢、5Cr低合金钢、16Mn低合金高强钢、20#钢,采用316L不锈钢可以降低天然气深冷装置的CO_2腐蚀速率。
A cryogenic device in Daqing Oilfield has been running for seven years,and the corrosion failure and fracture of the three-level compression outlet pipeline has resulted in great economic losses.The morphology and composition of the corrosion products are observed and analyzed by equipment and technical means of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and X ray diffraction(XRD). The corrosion of pipeline is mainly CO_2 corrosion. With the continuous development of the oilfield,the CO_2 content in natural gas rises,which makes the CO_2 partial pressure of the three-level compression outlet of the cryogenic device exceeds 0.21 MPa,and the pipeline is located in the severe corrosion area. By the high pressure dynamic simulation test, the corrosion rate of four kinds of pipeline materials,such as 20#carbon steel,316 L stainless steel,5 Cr low alloy steel and16 Mn low alloy high strength steel is examined. The results show that the corrosion rate of 20#steel is1.01668(mm/a),the corrosion rate of 316 L stainless steel is 0.00213(mm/a),and the corrosion resistances of the four kinds of materials are ranked from high to low as follows: 316 L stainless steel, 5 Cr low alloy steel,16 Mn low alloy high strength steel,and 20#steel. The 316 L can be used to reduce the CO_2 corrosion rate of natural gas cryogenic devices.
A cryogenic device in Daqing Oilfield has been running for seven years,and the corrosion failure and fracture of the three-level compression outlet pipeline has resulted in great economic losses.The morphology and composition of the corrosion products are observed and analyzed by equipment and technical means of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and X ray diffraction(XRD). The corrosion of pipeline is mainly CO_2 corrosion. With the continuous development of the oilfield,the CO_2 content in natural gas rises,which makes the CO_2 partial pressure of the three-level compression outlet of the cryogenic device exceeds 0.21 MPa,and the pipeline is located in the severe corrosion area. By the high pressure dynamic simulation test, the corrosion rate of four kinds of pipeline materials,such as 20#carbon steel,316 L stainless steel,5 Cr low alloy steel and16 Mn low alloy high strength steel is examined. The results show that the corrosion rate of 20#steel is1.01668(mm/a),the corrosion rate of 316 L stainless steel is 0.00213(mm/a),and the corrosion resistances of the four kinds of materials are ranked from high to low as follows: 316 L stainless steel, 5 Cr low alloy steel,16 Mn low alloy high strength steel,and 20#steel. The 316 L can be used to reduce the CO_2 corrosion rate of natural gas cryogenic devices.
引文
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[20]王少兰,费敬银,林西华.高性能耐蚀管材及超级13Cr研究进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2013,25(4):322-326.WANG Shaolan,FEI Jingyin,LIN Xihua.Advances in high-performance corrosion pipe and super 13Cr[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2013,25(4):322-326.
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[2]KERMANI M B,MORSHED A.Carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas production-a compendium[J].Corrosion,2003,59(8):659-683.
[3]SCHMITT G.Fundamental aspects of CO2corrosion[C]//Hausler R H,Giddard H P.Advances in CO2Corrosion.Houston:NACE,1984:10.
[4]MCLNTIRE G,LIPPERT J,YUDELSON J.The effect of dissolved CO2and O2on the corrosion of iron[J].Corrosion,1990,46(2):91.
[5]张学元,王凤平,陈卓元,等.油气开发中二氧化碳腐蚀的研究现状和趋势[J].油田化学,1997,14(2):190-196.ZHANG Xueyuan,WANG Fengping,CHEN Zhuoyuan,et al.A review on carbon dioxide corrosion of stteel in aqueous media for oilfield chemical engineers[J].Oilfield Chemistry,1997,14(2):190-196.
[6]张学元,王凤平,于海燕,等.二氧化碳腐蚀防护对策研究[J].腐蚀与防护,1997,18(3):8-11.ZHANG Xueyuan,WANG Fengping,YU Haiyan,et al.Research on the protection of carbon dioxide corrosion[J].Corrosion&Protection,1997,18(3):8-11.
[7]陈卓元,张学元,王凤平,等.二氧化碳腐蚀机理及影响因素[J].材料开发与应用,1998,13(5):34-40.CHEN Zhuoyuan,ZHANG Xueyuan,WANG Fengping,et al.The mechanism and influence factors of CO2corrosion[J].Development and Application of Materials,1998,13(5):34-40.
[8]王丹,袁世娇,吴小卫,等.油气管道CO2/H2S腐蚀及防护技术研究进展[J].表面技术,2016,45(3):31-37.WANG Dan,YUAN Shijiao,WU Xiaowei,et al.Research progress of CO2/H2S corrosion in oil and gas pipelines and the protection techniques[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(3):31-37.
[9]CURRAN E.Corrosion control in gas pipelines coating protection provides lifetime of prevention[J].Pipeline Gas Journal,2007,234(10):50.
[10]WAARD C DE,LOTZ U,MILLIAMS D E.Predictive model for CO2corrosion engineering in wet natural gas pipelines[J].Corrosion,1991,47(12):976-985.
[11]袁青,刘音,毕研霞,等.油气田开发中CO2腐蚀机理及防腐方法研究进展[J].天然气与石油,2015,33(2):13,78-81.YUAN Qing,LIU Yin,BI Yanxia,et al.Research on CO2corrosion and corrosion control method in oil and gas field development[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2015,33(2):13,78-81.
[12]张国安,陈长风,路民旭.油气田中CO2腐蚀的预测模型[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2000,25(2):119-123.ZHANG Guo'an,CHEN Changfeng,LU Minxu.Prediction models for CO2corrosion of oil and gas fields[J].Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection,2000,25(2):119-123.
[13]杨涛,杨桦,王凤江.含CO2气井防腐工艺技术[J].天然气工业,2007,27(11):116-118.YANG Tao,YANG Hua,WANG Fengjiang.The anticorrosion technology for CO2containing gas well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(11):116-118.
[14]姚晓,冯玉军.气田开发中CO2对井内管线的腐蚀及预防[J].钻采工艺,1996,19(6):31-37.YAO Xiao,FENG Yujun.Corrosion and prevention of CO2to the borehole pipe during the development of gas field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,1996,19(6):31-37.
[15]姜放,戴海黔,曹小燕.油套管在CO2和H2S共存时的腐蚀机理研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2005,34(3):213-215.JIANG Fang,DAI Haiqian,CAO Xiaoyan.The experiment research of a corrosion mechanism about the tube in CO2and H2S environment[J].Oil and Gas Chemical Industry,2005,34(3):213-215.
[16]陈墨,宋晓琴,许玉磊.CO2对金属管道腐蚀的研究现状及发展趋势[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006(7):9-10.CHEN Mo,SONG Xiaoqin,XU Yulei.CO2situation and development trend of the metal pipe corrosion study[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2006(7):9-10.
[17]ZHANG G A,ZENG Y,GUO X P.Electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon steel under dynamic high pressure H2S/CO2environment[J].Corrosion Science,2012(65):37-47.
[18]WANG P Y,WANG J,ZHENG S Q.Effect of H2S/CO2partial pressure ratio on the tensile properties of X80 pipeline steel[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(35):11925-11930.
[19]UEDA M.Effect of alloying elements and microstructure on stability of corrosion product in CO2and/or H2S environments[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas,2005,34(1):43.
[20]王少兰,费敬银,林西华.高性能耐蚀管材及超级13Cr研究进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2013,25(4):322-326.WANG Shaolan,FEI Jingyin,LIN Xihua.Advances in high-performance corrosion pipe and super 13Cr[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2013,25(4):322-326.
[21]GUAN Xiaorui,ZHANG Dalei,WANG Jianjun,et al.Numerical and electrochemical analyses on carbon dioxide corrosion of X80 pipeline steel under different water film thicknesses in NACE solution[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2017,37(1):199-216.