电阻缝焊法制备铁基WC/金属双层涂层及其摩擦行为
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摘要
通过电阻缝焊法,使用超硬铁基合金粉末(SHA)和2种粒度(3.5和55μm)的WC粉末在Al7075板表面制备了铁基WC/金属双层涂层。采用SEM和EPMA等手段对双层涂层的显微组织进行了分析;采用纳米压痕仪对双层涂层中微小组织进行了纳米硬度测试;最后通过球盘摩擦(ball-on-disc)实验对比了WC和SUS304 2种磨球对双层涂层的摩擦磨损行为的影响。结果表明,该铁基WC/金属双层涂层的总厚度达600μm,从涂层到基体的结构依次为:WC粉末/铁合金(耐磨层)+铁基/铝合金(金属中间层)+铝合金基体。当以WC为磨球时,使用微细和粗大WC粉末的涂层,其磨损机制分别为严重的磨粒磨损和脆性断裂伴随少量磨粒磨损;当以SUS304为磨球时,使用微细WC的涂层基本未发生磨损,而粗大WC粉末的涂层则发生少量磨粒磨损。以SUS304为磨球时,涂层的磨损率均低于以WC为磨球时涂层的磨损率。
Fe-WC/metal double layer coatings containing Fe-C-Si super hard alloy(SHA) particles and tungsten carbide(WC) particles were fabricated on Al7075 substrates by resistance seam welding method to improve the wear resistance of aluminum alloys. The micro-structure and phase compositions of the Fe-WC/metal double layer coatings with different WC particle sizes(fine and coarse) were investigated by SEM and EPMA. Nano-hardness of different phases in the coatings were investigated by nano-indentation test. Finally, the friction behavior of the two kinds of Fe-WC/metal double layer coatings were contrasted by ball-on-disc test using WC and SUS304 balls. The results show that the thicknesses of Fe-WC composite/metal double layer coatings were about 600 μm. The microstructure of the coatings was: WC/Fe composite(wear resistance layer) + Fe/Al composite(metal interlayer) + Al7075 substrate. When WC ball was used as the static counterpart, the wear mechanism of the coatings with fine and coarse WC particles were severe abrasive wear and brittle fracture with little abrasive wear, respectively. When SUS304 was used as the static counterpart, the coating with fine WC powder was demonstrated difficulty to be abraded due to the protection of the iron oxide adhesive layer, and the other proved a little brittle fracture. Moreover,the wear rate of both coatings using SUS304 ball was lower than that of WC ball in the ball-on-disc test.
Fe-WC/metal double layer coatings containing Fe-C-Si super hard alloy(SHA) particles and tungsten carbide(WC) particles were fabricated on Al7075 substrates by resistance seam welding method to improve the wear resistance of aluminum alloys. The micro-structure and phase compositions of the Fe-WC/metal double layer coatings with different WC particle sizes(fine and coarse) were investigated by SEM and EPMA. Nano-hardness of different phases in the coatings were investigated by nano-indentation test. Finally, the friction behavior of the two kinds of Fe-WC/metal double layer coatings were contrasted by ball-on-disc test using WC and SUS304 balls. The results show that the thicknesses of Fe-WC composite/metal double layer coatings were about 600 μm. The microstructure of the coatings was: WC/Fe composite(wear resistance layer) + Fe/Al composite(metal interlayer) + Al7075 substrate. When WC ball was used as the static counterpart, the wear mechanism of the coatings with fine and coarse WC particles were severe abrasive wear and brittle fracture with little abrasive wear, respectively. When SUS304 was used as the static counterpart, the coating with fine WC powder was demonstrated difficulty to be abraded due to the protection of the iron oxide adhesive layer, and the other proved a little brittle fracture. Moreover,the wear rate of both coatings using SUS304 ball was lower than that of WC ball in the ball-on-disc test.
引文
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[35]Chen M J,Huang J K,He C C,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of the formation of Fe-Al-Zn intermetallic compounds in Al/galvanized steel interface[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2016,52:113(陈满骄,黄健康,何翠翠等.Al/镀锌钢板焊接界面区Fe-Al-Zn金属间化合物形成的热力学分析[J].金属学报,2016,52:113)
[36]Wu Z Q,Xia Y,Li G,et al.Micro-mechanical properties of ceramic coating fabricated by plasma electrolytic oxidation on hot-dip aluminized steel[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2008,44:119(吴振强,夏原,李光等.热浸铝钢等离子体电解氧化陶瓷层的微观力学特性[J].金属学报,2008,44:119)
[37]Bolelli G,Bonferroni B,Laurila J,et al.Micromechanical properties and sliding wear behaviour of HVOF-sprayed Fe-based alloy coatings[J].Wear,2012,276-277:29
[38]Mi P B,Wang T,Ye F X.Influences of the compositions and mechanical properties of HVOF sprayed bimodal WC-Co coating on its high temperature wear performance[J].Int.J.Refract.Met.Hard Mater.,2017,69:158
[39]Kennedy F E,Lu Y,Baker I.Contact temperatures and their influence on wear during pin-on-disk tribotesting[J].Tribol.Int.,2015,82:534
[40]Farahani M V,Emadoddin E,Emamy M,et al.Effect of grain refinement on mechanical properties and sliding wear resistance of extruded Sc-free 7042 aluminum alloy[J].Mater.Des.,2014,54:361
[41]Lu Y,Baker I,Kennedy F E,et al.The effect of sliding velocity on the dry sliding wear of nanophase Fe30Ni20Mn25Al25against yttriastabilized zirconia[J].Intermetallics,2017,83:17
[2]Miller W S,Zhuang L,Bottema J,et al.Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2000,A280:37
[3]Wang Y Q,Wang Y,Chen P M,et al.Microstructure,corrosion and wear resistances of microarc oxidation coating on Al alloy7075[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2011,47:455(王艳秋,王岳,陈派明等.7071铝合金微弧氧化涂层的组织结构与耐蚀耐磨性能[J].金属学报,2011,47:455)
[4]Xiong Y Y,Li N,Jiang H W,et al.Microstructural evolutions of AA7055 aluminum alloy under dynamic and quasi-static compressions[J].Acta Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.),2014,27:272
[5]Man H C,Zhang S,Cheng F T.Improving the wear resistance of AA 6061 by laser surface alloying with NiTi[J].Mater.Lett.,2007,61:4058
[6]Wang L P,Gao Y,Hu L T,et al.Research status and prospect of electrodeposited functional gradient materials[J].Surf.Technol.,2006,35:1(王立平,高燕,胡丽天等.电沉积功能梯度材料的研究现状及展望[J].表面技术,2006,35:1)
[7]Aliofkhazraei M,Rouhaghdam A S.Fabrication of functionally gradient nanocomposite coatings by plasma electrolytic oxidation based on variable duty cycle[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2012,258:2093
[8]Tang J,Xiong J,Guo Z X,et al.Microstructure and properties of CVD coated on gradient cemented carbide with different WCgrain size[J].Int.J.Refract Met.Hard Mater.,2016,61:128
[9]Pellizzari M.High temperature wear and friction behaviour of nitrided,PVD-duplex and CVD coated tool steel against 6082 Al alloy[J].Wear,2011,271:2089
[10]Wang L,Fu Q G,Zhao F L.A novel gradient SiC-ZrB2-MoSi2coating for SiC coated C/C composites by supersonic plasma spraying[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2017,313:63
[11]Yang Y,Li K Z,Zhao Z G,et al.HfC-ZrC-SiC multiphase protective coating for SiC-coated C/C composites prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying[J].Ceram.Int.,2017,43:1495
[12]Zhu C,Wang Y G,An L N,et al.Microstructure and oxidation behavior of conventional and pseudo graded NiCrAlY/YSZ thermal barrier coatings produced by supersonic air plasma spraying process[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2015,272:121
[13]Liu F C,Mao Y Q,Lin X,et al.Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of Ti-Ni gradient coating on TA2 titanium alloy fabricated by laser cladding[J].Opt.Laser.Technol.,2016,83:140
[14]Zhang Y.Research on current status of fabrication methods for functionally graded material[J].Hot Working Technol.,2012,41:14(张勇.功能梯度材料制备方法的研究现状[J].热加工工艺,2012,41:14)
[15]Cen Y D,Chen F R.Recent progress in numerical simulation of resistance seam welding[J].Trans.Chin.Weld.Inst.,2016,37(2):123(岑耀东,陈芙蓉.电阻缝焊数值模拟研究进展[J].焊接学报,2016,37(2):123)
[16]Li Y Q,Zhao H,Zhao X H,et al.Numerical simulation of RSWtemperature field during aluminum alloys LB-RSW[J].Trans.Chin.Weld.Inst.,2009,30(4):29(李永强,赵贺,赵熹华等.铝合金LB-RSW焊接中RSW温度场的数值模拟[J].焊接学报,2009,30(4):29)
[17]Zhao X H,Feng J C.Pressure Welding Method and Equipment[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005:1(赵熹华,冯吉才.压焊方法及设备[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:1)
[18]Khosravi A,Halvaee A,Hasannia M H.Weldability of electrogalvanized versus galvanized interstitial free steel sheets by resistance seam welding[J].Mater.Des.,2013,44:90
[19]Wang W Q,Yamaguchi T,Nishio K.Microstructure and wear behavior of cermet/iron alloy cladding layers on A6061 alloy coated by resistance seam welding method[J].Acta Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.),2015,28:414
[20]Wang W Q,Wang D,Yamaguchi T,et al.Comparative study of wear performance of ceramic/iron composite coatings under two different wear modes[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2017,309:136
[21]Wang W Q,Yamaguchi T,Nishio K.Structure of iron-based cladding layer on Al-Mg-Si alloy coated by a resistance seam welding method[J].Mater.Trans.,2014,55:1698
[22]Xu J S,Zhang X C,Xuan F Z,et al.Tensile properties and fracture behavior of laser cladded WC/Ni composite coatings with different contents of WC particle studied by in-situ tensile testing[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2013,A560:744
[23]He L,Tan Y F,Wang X L,et al.Tribological properties of WC and CeO2particles reinforced in-situ synthesized NiAl matrix composite coatings at elevated temperature[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2014,244:123
[24]Wang T G,Song B H,Hua W G,et al.Influence of process parameters on the performance uniformity of detonation gun sprayed WC-Co coatings[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2011,47:115(王铁钢,宋炳红,华伟刚等.工艺参数对爆炸喷涂WC-Co涂层性能均匀性的影响[J].金属学报,2011,47:115)
[25]Zhang F G,Zhu X P,Wang M Y,et al.Surface modification of WC-Ni cemented carbide for seals by high-intensity pulsed ion beam irradiation[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2011,47:958(张锋刚,朱小鹏,王明阳等.强流脉冲离子束辐照WC-Ni硬质密封材料表面改性研究[J].金属学报,2011,47:958)
[26]Farid A,Guo S J.On the processing,microstructure,mechanical and wear properties of cermet/stainless steel layer composites[J].Acta Mater.,2007,55:1467
[27]Bolelli G,B?rner T,Milanti A,et al.Tribological behavior of HVOF-and HVAF-sprayed composite coatings based on Fe-Alloy+WC-12%Co[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,2014,248:104
[28]Zhou S F,Dai X Q.Microstructure evolution of Fe-based WCcomposite coating prepared by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2010,256:7395
[29]Tong X,Li F H,Kuang M,et al.Effects of WC particle size on the wear resistance of laser surface alloyed medium carbon steel[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2012,258:3214
[30]Melendez N M,Narulkar V V,Fisher G A,et al.Effect of reinforcing particles on the wear rate of low-pressure cold-sprayed WC-based MMC coatings[J].Wear,2013,306:185
[31]Onuoha C C,Jin C X,Farhat Z N,et al.The effects of TiC grain size and steel binder content on the reciprocating wear behaviour of TiC-316L stainless steel cermets[J].Wear,2016,350-351:116
[32]Gong T M,Yao P P,Zuo X T,et al.Zhong,Influence of WC carbide particle size on the microstructure and abrasive wear behavior of WC-10Co-4Cr coatings for aircraft landing gear[J].Wear,2016,362-363:135
[33]Han J C,Jafari M,Park C G,et al.Microstructure-property relations in WC-Co coatings sprayed from combinatorial Ni-plated and nanostructured powders[J].Mater.Charact.,2017,129:207
[34]Zhou D W,Peng Y,Xu S H,et al.Microstructure and mechanical property of steel/Al alloy laser welding with Sn powder addition[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2013,49:959(周惦武,彭艳,徐少华等.添加Sn粉激光焊接钢铝合金异种金属的显微组织与性能[J].金属学报,2013,49:959)
[35]Chen M J,Huang J K,He C C,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of the formation of Fe-Al-Zn intermetallic compounds in Al/galvanized steel interface[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2016,52:113(陈满骄,黄健康,何翠翠等.Al/镀锌钢板焊接界面区Fe-Al-Zn金属间化合物形成的热力学分析[J].金属学报,2016,52:113)
[36]Wu Z Q,Xia Y,Li G,et al.Micro-mechanical properties of ceramic coating fabricated by plasma electrolytic oxidation on hot-dip aluminized steel[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2008,44:119(吴振强,夏原,李光等.热浸铝钢等离子体电解氧化陶瓷层的微观力学特性[J].金属学报,2008,44:119)
[37]Bolelli G,Bonferroni B,Laurila J,et al.Micromechanical properties and sliding wear behaviour of HVOF-sprayed Fe-based alloy coatings[J].Wear,2012,276-277:29
[38]Mi P B,Wang T,Ye F X.Influences of the compositions and mechanical properties of HVOF sprayed bimodal WC-Co coating on its high temperature wear performance[J].Int.J.Refract.Met.Hard Mater.,2017,69:158
[39]Kennedy F E,Lu Y,Baker I.Contact temperatures and their influence on wear during pin-on-disk tribotesting[J].Tribol.Int.,2015,82:534
[40]Farahani M V,Emadoddin E,Emamy M,et al.Effect of grain refinement on mechanical properties and sliding wear resistance of extruded Sc-free 7042 aluminum alloy[J].Mater.Des.,2014,54:361
[41]Lu Y,Baker I,Kennedy F E,et al.The effect of sliding velocity on the dry sliding wear of nanophase Fe30Ni20Mn25Al25against yttriastabilized zirconia[J].Intermetallics,2017,83:17