海南岛不同土地覆盖资料对WRF模拟的影响
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摘要
在WRF数值模式中应用GLC2009、MODIS和USGS 3种不同的土地覆盖数据,对海南岛一次海风锋降水过程进行模拟效果的比较分析,结果表明:①GLC2009显示海南岛的农耕地和森林面积最接近实况,MODIS和USGS划分的农耕地比例过高,山区森林比例偏低;②GLC2009、MODIS和USGS对主体降水位置模拟较好,但降水量级比实际偏高,其中GLC2009避免了MODIS和USGS在海南西南部出现的降水空报情况;③GLC2009模拟的10 m风场清晰刻画东海岸海风锋的辐合发展,这是因为合理的森林覆盖提高了地表粗糙度并增强了风场辐合,其低的反照率对地面气温的增加和海陆热力差异的增强具有促进作用。④GLC2009模拟的感热通量和潜热通量都要高于MODIS和USGS,较高的陆气间的热通量交换同样有利于海风锋的发生和发展。
By utilizing three different land use/cover data(GLC2009,MODIS and USGS)in WRF,the effects of the simulation of a sea-breeze-front precipitation process in Hainan was compared and analyzed. The results showed that:(1)The areas of farmland and forest performed by GLC2009 are more close to the real condition. MODIS and USGS imply a higher proportion of farmland coverage but a lower percentage of forest.(2)The major rainfall areas have been simulated with GLC2009,MODIS and USGS,but the simulated rainfall amount is greater than the real condition. Moreover,GLC2009 avoids a false simulation of precipitation by MODIS and USGS in the southwest of Hainan.(3) The simulated 10-meter wind field by GLC2009 clearly portrays a sea-breeze-front convergence over the east coast. It is because that the coverage of forest are more accurate in GLC2009. The suitable cover of forest not only can increase the surface roughness and enhance the convergence,but also reduce the albedo. Weak albedo increases the surface temperature and the thermal contrast between sea and land.(4)The heat and latent heat flux simulated by GLC2009 are higher than MODIS and USGS. This provides a favorable condition for the initiation and development of convective weather.
By utilizing three different land use/cover data(GLC2009,MODIS and USGS)in WRF,the effects of the simulation of a sea-breeze-front precipitation process in Hainan was compared and analyzed. The results showed that:(1)The areas of farmland and forest performed by GLC2009 are more close to the real condition. MODIS and USGS imply a higher proportion of farmland coverage but a lower percentage of forest.(2)The major rainfall areas have been simulated with GLC2009,MODIS and USGS,but the simulated rainfall amount is greater than the real condition. Moreover,GLC2009 avoids a false simulation of precipitation by MODIS and USGS in the southwest of Hainan.(3) The simulated 10-meter wind field by GLC2009 clearly portrays a sea-breeze-front convergence over the east coast. It is because that the coverage of forest are more accurate in GLC2009. The suitable cover of forest not only can increase the surface roughness and enhance the convergence,but also reduce the albedo. Weak albedo increases the surface temperature and the thermal contrast between sea and land.(4)The heat and latent heat flux simulated by GLC2009 are higher than MODIS and USGS. This provides a favorable condition for the initiation and development of convective weather.
引文
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[3]常鸣,樊少芬,王雪梅.珠三角土地覆被资料优选及在WRF模式中的初步应用[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(8):1922-1933.
[4]王春红,陈阳权,朱雯娜.乌鲁木齐国际机场风切变颠簸天气个例分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(6):15-21.
[5]汤浩.背景场和物理过程对WRF模式在新疆区域预报性能的影响[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(3):27-33.
[6]王颖,梁依玲,王丽霞.复杂地形气象场对污染物浓度空间分布影响的研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(2):69-74
[7]袁有林,杨秀洪,杨必华,等.不同初始场及其扰动对WRF模拟暴雨的影响[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(1):67-75.
[8]曾红玲,季劲钧,吴国雄.全球植被分布对气候影响的数值试验[J].大气科学,2010,34(1):1-11.
[9]牛振国,单玉秀,张海英.全球土地覆盖GlobCover2009数据中的中国区域湿地数据精度评价[J].湿地科学,2012,10(4),389-395.
[10]施萧,冯箫,赵小平,等.海南岛海风锋逐月统计与数值模拟分析[J].海洋预报,2016 332(2):22-29.
[11]瓦力江·瓦黑提,任国玉,孙秀宝.乌鲁木齐气温与城市热岛强度日内和季节变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(1):21-28.
[12]李霞.复杂地形城市多尺度气流对大气污染影响的研究进展[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(6):1-10.