温度对柑橘大实蝇滞育蛹能量结构与代谢的影响
|
摘要
【目的】为从生理生化水平上探讨越冬温度对柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)滞育蛹的调控生理机制。【方法】测定了不同恒温条件下柑橘大实蝇越冬蛹滞育期虫体粗脂肪和糖类物质含量的变化动态。【结果】低温(12℃)越冬促进了虫体粗脂肪的积累,随温度升高,粗脂肪含量逐渐减少;总糖含量随越冬温度升高,趋于倒"U"型变化;虫体海藻糖含量先升后降(24℃除外),随温度上升,海藻糖含量最高值时期逐渐提前,且最大值逐渐降低;虫体糖原含量变化趋势各不相同,随温度升高,糖原含量最高值时期逐渐接近滞育解除期,越冬温度升高促进了柑橘大实蝇越冬蛹滞育期后期糖原的积累。此外,16℃下越冬,同时期各物质的含量均低于其它处理,说明在16℃下越冬加快了虫体能量物质的代谢或转换。【结论】不同恒温越冬,柑橘大实蝇越冬滞育期能量代谢方式不同,表明越冬温度与越冬蛹的能量代谢特点存在密切的关系。本研究结果对深入了解柑橘大实蝇越冬蛹能量代谢生理机制具有一定的参考价值。
[Objectives] To understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms regulating the overwintering temperature of diapausing pupae of the Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax. [Methods] Crude fat, total carbohydrate,trehalose and glycogen content of diapausing pupae at different overwintering temperatures were measured and compared.[Results] A low overwintering temperature(12 ℃) promoted the accumulation of crude fat, which gradually decreased with temperature. The trend in total carbohydrate content tended to follow an inverted "U" shape with increasing temperature.Similarly, the trend in trehalose content was of the "up-down" type(except at 24 ℃). Higher overwintering temperatures gradually advanced the peak of trehalose content but also gradually decreased the maximum trehalose content of diapausing pupae. The trend in glycogen content was different; higher overwintering temperatures caused glycogen content to peak closer to the period of diapause termination and also promoted the accumulation of glycogen in the late diapause period. In addition,levels of all substances measured were lowest at 16 ℃, indicating that overwintering at this temperature accelerated the metabolism, or conversion, of energy-related substances in pupae. [Conclusion] These results suggest that different overwintering temperatures change the energy metabolism of pupae, and that overwintering temperature is closely related to the energy metabolism characteristics of diapausing pupa. The results of this study aid understanding the physiological mechanisms of energy metabolism in the Chinese citrus fruit fly.
[Objectives] To understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms regulating the overwintering temperature of diapausing pupae of the Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax. [Methods] Crude fat, total carbohydrate,trehalose and glycogen content of diapausing pupae at different overwintering temperatures were measured and compared.[Results] A low overwintering temperature(12 ℃) promoted the accumulation of crude fat, which gradually decreased with temperature. The trend in total carbohydrate content tended to follow an inverted "U" shape with increasing temperature.Similarly, the trend in trehalose content was of the "up-down" type(except at 24 ℃). Higher overwintering temperatures gradually advanced the peak of trehalose content but also gradually decreased the maximum trehalose content of diapausing pupae. The trend in glycogen content was different; higher overwintering temperatures caused glycogen content to peak closer to the period of diapause termination and also promoted the accumulation of glycogen in the late diapause period. In addition,levels of all substances measured were lowest at 16 ℃, indicating that overwintering at this temperature accelerated the metabolism, or conversion, of energy-related substances in pupae. [Conclusion] These results suggest that different overwintering temperatures change the energy metabolism of pupae, and that overwintering temperature is closely related to the energy metabolism characteristics of diapausing pupa. The results of this study aid understanding the physiological mechanisms of energy metabolism in the Chinese citrus fruit fly.
引文
Arrese EL,Soulages JL,2010.Insect fat body:energy,metabolism,and regulation.Annual Review of Entomology,55(1):207-225.
ChenJ,Tang B,Chen HX,Yao Q,Huang XF,Chen J,Zhang DW,Zhang WQ,2010.Different functions of the insect soluble and membrane-bound trehalase genes in chitin biosynthesis revealed by RNA interference.PLoS ONE,5(4):e10133.
Colineta H,Vernonb P,Hance T,2007.Does thermal-relatedplasticity in size and fat reserves influence super-cooling abilitiesand cold-tolerance in Aphidius colemani(Hymenoptera:Aphidiinae)mummies.Journal of Thermal Biology,32(7):374-382.
Denlinger DL,1991.Relationship between cold hardiness and diapauses//Lee REJr,Denlinger DL(eds.).Insects at Low Temperature.NewYork:Chapman and Hall.174-198.
Ding HM,2011.Study on dynamic changes of biochemical in dices of the peach fruit moth(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)during diapause period.Master dissertation.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University.[丁惠梅,2011.桃小食心虫滞育期间生化指标含量的动态变化.硕士学位论文.北京:北京林业大学.]
Ding HM,Ma G,Wu SN,Zhao F,Ma CS,2011.A literature review on changes of small molecules of diapauseinsects during overwintering period.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,48(4):1060-1070.[丁惠梅,马罡,武三安,赵飞,马春森,2011.滞育昆虫小分子含量变化研究进展.应用昆虫学报,48(4):1060-1070.]
Downer RGH,Matthews JR,1976.Pattern of lipid distribution and utilization in insects.American Zoologist,16(4):733-745.
Dubois M,Gilles KA,Hamilton JK,1956.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.Analyicalt Chemistry,28(3):350-356.
Fan JA,Zhao XQ,Zhu J,1994.Study on cold tolerance and diapause of Tetradacuscitri Chen.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,16(6):530-534.[范京安,赵学谦,朱军,1994.柑桔大实蝇(Tetradacus citri Chen)耐寒特性及滞育特性研究.西南农业大学学报,16(6):530-534.]
Goto M,Takahashi K,Suzuki C,1993.Ecological study on the barnyard grass stem borer,Enosima leucotaeniella(Ragonot)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)Ⅷ.Seasonal changes of carbohydrate contents in overwintering larvae.Applied Entomology Zoology,28(4):417-421.
Guo TT,Ling F,Zhang SY,Yu Y,Li LL,Xu YY,2013.The super-cooling ability and biochemical substances in diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of Grapholitha molesta(Busck)(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae).Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,50(6):1514-1518.[郭婷婷,凌飞,张顺益,于毅,李丽莉,许永玉,2013.梨小食心虫滞育与非滞育幼虫过冷却能力与体内主要生化物质含量.应用昆虫学报,50(6):1514-1518.]
Hahn DA,Denlinger DL,2007.Meeting the energetic demands of insect diapause:nutrient storage and utilization.Journal of Insect Physiology,53(8):760-773.
Hahn DA,Denlinger DL,2011.Energetics of insect diapause.Annual Review of Entomology,56:103-121.
Han RD,Sun XG,Xu YY,Zhang WG,2005.The biochemical mechanism of cold-hardiness in overwintering larva of Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae).Acta Ecologica Sinica,5(6):1352-1356.[韩瑞东,孙绪艮,许永玉,等.赤松毛虫越冬幼虫生化物质变化与抗寒性的关系.生态学报,5(6):1352-1356.]
Haykawa Y,Chino H,1981.Temperature-dependent interconversion between glycogen and trehalose in diapausing pupae of Philosamia cyntha ricini and pryeri.Insect Biochemistry,11(1):43-47.
Haykawa Y,Chino H,1982.Phosphofructokinase as a possible key enzyme regulating glycerol or trehalose accumulation in diapausinginsects.Insect Biochemistry,12(6):639-642.
Ke Y,2013.Study on the overwintering bionomics of Bactrocera minax(Enderlein).Master dissertation.Jingzhou:Yangtze University.[柯勇,2013.柑桔大实蝇的越冬生物学研究研究.硕士学位论文.荆州:长江大学.]
Li D,Long ZR,Wang Y,Wu JX,Xu Y,Cheng WN,2014.Changes of total lipid and triglyceride contents in pre-diapause,diapause and post-diapause larvae and pupae of Sitodiplosis mosellana(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,57(5):509-514.[李丹,龙治任,王越,仵均祥,许烨,成为宁,2014.麦红吸浆虫滞育发生和解除过程中总脂和甘油三酯含量变化.昆虫学报,57(5):509-514.]
Liu Y,2014.Studies on differential expression of diapause relatedproteins in the female ladybird,Coccinella septempunctata L.Master dissertation.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural.[刘遥,2014.七星瓢虫雌成虫滞育相关蛋白差异表达的研究.硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院.]
Lu HX,He KP,Yuan HF,Mou BZ,1997.Study on the biological characteristics of Bactrocera minax.Journal of Hubei Agricultural College,17(3):169-173.[鲁红学,何开平,阮华芳,牟本忠,1997.柑桔大实蝇生物学特性的研究.湖北农学院学报,17(3):169-173.]
Luo LY,Chen CF,1987.The biological property of Bactroceraminax(Enderlein)pupa.Chinese Citrus,(4):9-10.[罗禄怡,陈长凤,1987.柑桔大实蝇蛹的生物学特性.中国柑桔,(4):9-10.]
Mansingh A,1971.Physiological classification of dormancies in insects.Canadian Entomologist,103(3):983-1009.
Moreau R,Gourdoux L,Bahjou A,Lavenseau L,1986.Variations of trealosaemia and of trehalaseactivity during direct development and diapause of Pieris brassicae.Review Applied Entomology,74(1):3823.
Qin JM,Luo SD,He SY,Wu J,2015.Researching in characters and functions of trehalose and trehalaseininsects.Journal of Environmental Entomology,37(1):163-169.[秦加敏,罗术东,和绍禹,吴杰,2015.昆虫海藻糖与海藻糖酶的特性及功能研究.环境昆虫学报,37(1):163-169.]
Ren XY,Qi XY,An T,Han YH,Chen HY,Zhang LS,2016.Research on the accumulation,transformation and regulation ofnutrients in diapause insects.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(4):685-695.[任小云,齐晓阳,安涛,韩艳华,陈红印,张礼生,2016.滞育昆虫营养物质的积累、转化与调控.应用昆虫学报,53(4):685-695.]
Ren XY,Zhang LS,Han YH,An T,Liu Y,Liu YY,Chen HY,2016.Proteomic research on diapause-related proteins in the female ladybird,Coccinella septempunctata L.Bulletin of Entomological Research,106(2):168-174.
Rojas RR,Charlet LD,Leopold RA,1991.Biochemistry and physiology of overwintering in the mature larvae of the red sunflower seed weevil,Smicronyx fulvus Leconte(Coleoptera:Curculionidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,37(7):489-496.
Shukla E,Thorat LJ,Nath BB,Gaikwad SM,2015.Insect trehalase:physiological significance and potential applications.Glycobiology,25(4):357-367.
Storey KB,Storey JM,1988.Freeze tolerance in animals.Physiological Reviews,68(1):27-83.
Tauber MJ,Tauber CA,Masaki S,1986.Seasonal Adaptations of Insects.NewYork:Oxford University Press.411.
Wang J,Fan H,Xiong KC,Liu YH,2018.Regulation of the trehalose content in diapausing and non-diapausingpupae of the Chinese citrus fly,Bactrocera minax(Diptera:Tephritidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,61(9):1010-1018.[王佳,樊欢,熊克才,刘映红,2018.柑橘大实蝇滞育和非滞育蛹体内海藻糖含量的调控.昆虫学报,61(9):1010-1018.]
Wang XJ,Luo LY,1995.Research advances on Bactrocera minax.Entomological Knowledge,32(5):11-16.[汪兴鉴,罗禄怡,1995.桔大实蝇的研究进展.昆虫知识,32(5):11-16.]
Wang YC,2001.Insect Biochemistry.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing Press.30-38.[王荫长,2001.昆虫生物化学.北京:中国农业出版社.30-38.]
Worland MR,1996.The relationship between water content and cold tolerance in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus(Collembola:Onychiuridae).European Journal of Entomology,93(3):341-348.
Wu JX,Yuan F,Su L,2004.Change of carbohydrate contents in larvae of the wheat midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin)during mature and diapause stage.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):178-183.[仵均祥,袁锋,苏丽.麦红吸浆虫幼虫滞育期间糖类物质变化.昆虫学报,47(2):178-183.]
Xiong KC,Wang J,Li JH,Deng YQ,Pu P,Fan H,Liu YH,2016.RNA interference of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene reveals its roles during larval-pupal metamorphosis in Bactrocera minax(Diptera:Tephritidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,91/92:84-92.
Yang M,Zhao L,Shen Q,Xie G,Wang S,Tang B,2017.Knockdown of two trehalose-6-phosphate synthases severely affects chitin metabolism gene expression in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.Pest Manag.Science,73(1):206-216.
Zhao L,Yang M,Shen Q,Liu X,Shi Z,Wang S,Tang B,2016.Functional characterization of three trehalase genes regulating the chitin metabolism pathway in rice brown planthopper using RNA interference.Scientific Reports,6(1):27841.
ChenJ,Tang B,Chen HX,Yao Q,Huang XF,Chen J,Zhang DW,Zhang WQ,2010.Different functions of the insect soluble and membrane-bound trehalase genes in chitin biosynthesis revealed by RNA interference.PLoS ONE,5(4):e10133.
Colineta H,Vernonb P,Hance T,2007.Does thermal-relatedplasticity in size and fat reserves influence super-cooling abilitiesand cold-tolerance in Aphidius colemani(Hymenoptera:Aphidiinae)mummies.Journal of Thermal Biology,32(7):374-382.
Denlinger DL,1991.Relationship between cold hardiness and diapauses//Lee REJr,Denlinger DL(eds.).Insects at Low Temperature.NewYork:Chapman and Hall.174-198.
Ding HM,2011.Study on dynamic changes of biochemical in dices of the peach fruit moth(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)during diapause period.Master dissertation.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University.[丁惠梅,2011.桃小食心虫滞育期间生化指标含量的动态变化.硕士学位论文.北京:北京林业大学.]
Ding HM,Ma G,Wu SN,Zhao F,Ma CS,2011.A literature review on changes of small molecules of diapauseinsects during overwintering period.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,48(4):1060-1070.[丁惠梅,马罡,武三安,赵飞,马春森,2011.滞育昆虫小分子含量变化研究进展.应用昆虫学报,48(4):1060-1070.]
Downer RGH,Matthews JR,1976.Pattern of lipid distribution and utilization in insects.American Zoologist,16(4):733-745.
Dubois M,Gilles KA,Hamilton JK,1956.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.Analyicalt Chemistry,28(3):350-356.
Fan JA,Zhao XQ,Zhu J,1994.Study on cold tolerance and diapause of Tetradacuscitri Chen.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,16(6):530-534.[范京安,赵学谦,朱军,1994.柑桔大实蝇(Tetradacus citri Chen)耐寒特性及滞育特性研究.西南农业大学学报,16(6):530-534.]
Goto M,Takahashi K,Suzuki C,1993.Ecological study on the barnyard grass stem borer,Enosima leucotaeniella(Ragonot)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)Ⅷ.Seasonal changes of carbohydrate contents in overwintering larvae.Applied Entomology Zoology,28(4):417-421.
Guo TT,Ling F,Zhang SY,Yu Y,Li LL,Xu YY,2013.The super-cooling ability and biochemical substances in diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of Grapholitha molesta(Busck)(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae).Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,50(6):1514-1518.[郭婷婷,凌飞,张顺益,于毅,李丽莉,许永玉,2013.梨小食心虫滞育与非滞育幼虫过冷却能力与体内主要生化物质含量.应用昆虫学报,50(6):1514-1518.]
Hahn DA,Denlinger DL,2007.Meeting the energetic demands of insect diapause:nutrient storage and utilization.Journal of Insect Physiology,53(8):760-773.
Hahn DA,Denlinger DL,2011.Energetics of insect diapause.Annual Review of Entomology,56:103-121.
Han RD,Sun XG,Xu YY,Zhang WG,2005.The biochemical mechanism of cold-hardiness in overwintering larva of Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae).Acta Ecologica Sinica,5(6):1352-1356.[韩瑞东,孙绪艮,许永玉,等.赤松毛虫越冬幼虫生化物质变化与抗寒性的关系.生态学报,5(6):1352-1356.]
Haykawa Y,Chino H,1981.Temperature-dependent interconversion between glycogen and trehalose in diapausing pupae of Philosamia cyntha ricini and pryeri.Insect Biochemistry,11(1):43-47.
Haykawa Y,Chino H,1982.Phosphofructokinase as a possible key enzyme regulating glycerol or trehalose accumulation in diapausinginsects.Insect Biochemistry,12(6):639-642.
Ke Y,2013.Study on the overwintering bionomics of Bactrocera minax(Enderlein).Master dissertation.Jingzhou:Yangtze University.[柯勇,2013.柑桔大实蝇的越冬生物学研究研究.硕士学位论文.荆州:长江大学.]
Li D,Long ZR,Wang Y,Wu JX,Xu Y,Cheng WN,2014.Changes of total lipid and triglyceride contents in pre-diapause,diapause and post-diapause larvae and pupae of Sitodiplosis mosellana(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,57(5):509-514.[李丹,龙治任,王越,仵均祥,许烨,成为宁,2014.麦红吸浆虫滞育发生和解除过程中总脂和甘油三酯含量变化.昆虫学报,57(5):509-514.]
Liu Y,2014.Studies on differential expression of diapause relatedproteins in the female ladybird,Coccinella septempunctata L.Master dissertation.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural.[刘遥,2014.七星瓢虫雌成虫滞育相关蛋白差异表达的研究.硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院.]
Lu HX,He KP,Yuan HF,Mou BZ,1997.Study on the biological characteristics of Bactrocera minax.Journal of Hubei Agricultural College,17(3):169-173.[鲁红学,何开平,阮华芳,牟本忠,1997.柑桔大实蝇生物学特性的研究.湖北农学院学报,17(3):169-173.]
Luo LY,Chen CF,1987.The biological property of Bactroceraminax(Enderlein)pupa.Chinese Citrus,(4):9-10.[罗禄怡,陈长凤,1987.柑桔大实蝇蛹的生物学特性.中国柑桔,(4):9-10.]
Mansingh A,1971.Physiological classification of dormancies in insects.Canadian Entomologist,103(3):983-1009.
Moreau R,Gourdoux L,Bahjou A,Lavenseau L,1986.Variations of trealosaemia and of trehalaseactivity during direct development and diapause of Pieris brassicae.Review Applied Entomology,74(1):3823.
Qin JM,Luo SD,He SY,Wu J,2015.Researching in characters and functions of trehalose and trehalaseininsects.Journal of Environmental Entomology,37(1):163-169.[秦加敏,罗术东,和绍禹,吴杰,2015.昆虫海藻糖与海藻糖酶的特性及功能研究.环境昆虫学报,37(1):163-169.]
Ren XY,Qi XY,An T,Han YH,Chen HY,Zhang LS,2016.Research on the accumulation,transformation and regulation ofnutrients in diapause insects.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(4):685-695.[任小云,齐晓阳,安涛,韩艳华,陈红印,张礼生,2016.滞育昆虫营养物质的积累、转化与调控.应用昆虫学报,53(4):685-695.]
Ren XY,Zhang LS,Han YH,An T,Liu Y,Liu YY,Chen HY,2016.Proteomic research on diapause-related proteins in the female ladybird,Coccinella septempunctata L.Bulletin of Entomological Research,106(2):168-174.
Rojas RR,Charlet LD,Leopold RA,1991.Biochemistry and physiology of overwintering in the mature larvae of the red sunflower seed weevil,Smicronyx fulvus Leconte(Coleoptera:Curculionidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,37(7):489-496.
Shukla E,Thorat LJ,Nath BB,Gaikwad SM,2015.Insect trehalase:physiological significance and potential applications.Glycobiology,25(4):357-367.
Storey KB,Storey JM,1988.Freeze tolerance in animals.Physiological Reviews,68(1):27-83.
Tauber MJ,Tauber CA,Masaki S,1986.Seasonal Adaptations of Insects.NewYork:Oxford University Press.411.
Wang J,Fan H,Xiong KC,Liu YH,2018.Regulation of the trehalose content in diapausing and non-diapausingpupae of the Chinese citrus fly,Bactrocera minax(Diptera:Tephritidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,61(9):1010-1018.[王佳,樊欢,熊克才,刘映红,2018.柑橘大实蝇滞育和非滞育蛹体内海藻糖含量的调控.昆虫学报,61(9):1010-1018.]
Wang XJ,Luo LY,1995.Research advances on Bactrocera minax.Entomological Knowledge,32(5):11-16.[汪兴鉴,罗禄怡,1995.桔大实蝇的研究进展.昆虫知识,32(5):11-16.]
Wang YC,2001.Insect Biochemistry.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing Press.30-38.[王荫长,2001.昆虫生物化学.北京:中国农业出版社.30-38.]
Worland MR,1996.The relationship between water content and cold tolerance in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus(Collembola:Onychiuridae).European Journal of Entomology,93(3):341-348.
Wu JX,Yuan F,Su L,2004.Change of carbohydrate contents in larvae of the wheat midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Gehin)during mature and diapause stage.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):178-183.[仵均祥,袁锋,苏丽.麦红吸浆虫幼虫滞育期间糖类物质变化.昆虫学报,47(2):178-183.]
Xiong KC,Wang J,Li JH,Deng YQ,Pu P,Fan H,Liu YH,2016.RNA interference of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene reveals its roles during larval-pupal metamorphosis in Bactrocera minax(Diptera:Tephritidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,91/92:84-92.
Yang M,Zhao L,Shen Q,Xie G,Wang S,Tang B,2017.Knockdown of two trehalose-6-phosphate synthases severely affects chitin metabolism gene expression in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.Pest Manag.Science,73(1):206-216.
Zhao L,Yang M,Shen Q,Liu X,Shi Z,Wang S,Tang B,2016.Functional characterization of three trehalase genes regulating the chitin metabolism pathway in rice brown planthopper using RNA interference.Scientific Reports,6(1):27841.