基于HY-2A/SCAT数据的西北太平洋台风应用研究
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摘要
本文用国产卫星海洋二号散射计(HY-2A/SCAT)的数据对2012—2014年发生在西北太平洋的67个台风在台风最大风速、台风大小和结构方面进行探索性研究。结果表明,HY-2A/SCAT数据在对弱台风(风速小于20m/s)的最大风速估计整体偏高。用风速15m/s对应的半径(R_(15))定义台风大小并将台风分为大中小三个类别,得到了HY-2A/SCAT观测的台风大小的月平均分布,从台风数量的月分布直方图发现,中型台风数量最多且多发生于每年8—10月份。利用瑞金涡旋模型公式导出半径的计算公式,将HY-2A/SCAT海面风场数据相关参数代入公式求得相应半径值,与从HY-2A/SCAT数据中提取的半径R_(15)相结合进行对比分析,结果证明HY-2A/SCAT海面风场数据可以很好地应用于台风结构方面的研究。
Based on the data of HY-2 A/SCAT,67 typhoons in the northwest Pacific were studied related with typhoon maximum wind speed,typhoon size and structural model.The results show that the HY-2 A/SCAT data are overestimated in the maximum wind speed for weak typhoon(wind speed less than 20 m/s).The monthly mean distribution of typhoon size recorded by HY-2 A/SCAT was obtained by using the radius corresponding to the wind speed of 15 m/s(R_(15)),and the typhoon was divided into large,middle and small three categories.The monthly distribution histogram of the three categories of typhoons was obtained,and the number of middle size typhoons was found to be the largest and occurred in Aug.to Oct.Based on the formula of Rankine vortex model,the formula of radius was deduced,and the corresponding parameters of HY-2 A/SCAT data were substituted into the formula to obtain the corresponding radius value,which was compared with the radius R_(15) extracted from HY-2 A/SCAT data.The results show that the data of HY-2 A/SCAT sea surface wind field can be well applied to the research of typhoon structure.
Based on the data of HY-2 A/SCAT,67 typhoons in the northwest Pacific were studied related with typhoon maximum wind speed,typhoon size and structural model.The results show that the HY-2 A/SCAT data are overestimated in the maximum wind speed for weak typhoon(wind speed less than 20 m/s).The monthly mean distribution of typhoon size recorded by HY-2 A/SCAT was obtained by using the radius corresponding to the wind speed of 15 m/s(R_(15)),and the typhoon was divided into large,middle and small three categories.The monthly distribution histogram of the three categories of typhoons was obtained,and the number of middle size typhoons was found to be the largest and occurred in Aug.to Oct.Based on the formula of Rankine vortex model,the formula of radius was deduced,and the corresponding parameters of HY-2 A/SCAT data were substituted into the formula to obtain the corresponding radius value,which was compared with the radius R_(15) extracted from HY-2 A/SCAT data.The results show that the data of HY-2 A/SCAT sea surface wind field can be well applied to the research of typhoon structure.
引文
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[2]Graf J E,Naderi F,Tsai W Y.Overview of NASA scatterometers projects in Proc[J].International Geoscience&Remote Sensing Symposium.1955(2):1564-1566.
[3]林明森,邹巨洪,解学通,等.HY-2A微波散射计风场反演算法[J].中国工程科学,2013(7):68-74.Lin Mingsen,JuhongZou,XuetongXie.et al.HY-2A microwave scatterometer wind retrieval algorithm[J].Engineering Sciences,2013(7):68-74.
[4]Zhao Yong,Ruyao Sun,Chaofang Zhao.Application of HY-2A/SCAT Ssea surface winds in understanding surface wind structure of Typhoons Over Northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].EORSA2016,2016:72-77.
[5]Chan K T,Chan J C.Size and strength of tropical cyclones as inferred from QuikSCAT data[J].Monthly Weather Review,2012,140(3):811-824.
[6]Frank W M,Gray W M.Radius and frequency of15m/s(30kt)winds around tropical cyclones[J].J Appl Meteor,1980,19(2):219-223.
[7]LIU K S,JOHNNY C,CHAN L.Synoptic flow patterns associated with small and large tropical cyclones over the Western North Pacific[J].Monthly Weather Review,2002,130(8):2134-2142.
[8]Merrill R T.A comparison of large and small tropical cyclones[J].Monthly Weather Review,1984,112(7):1408-1418.
[9]陈孔沫.一种计算台风风场的方[J].热带海洋,1994,(2):41-48.Chen Kongmo.A method for calculating the typhoon wind field[J].Tropical Ocean,1994(2):41-48.
[10]ZHANG Yong,LIU Liping.Annlysis on the structure characteristics of Typhoon Goni[J].Meteorological Monthly,2011(37):659-669.
[11]Zhao Y,Zhao C,Sun R.Application of HY-2A/SCAT sea surface wind products in understanding the surface structure oftyphoon‘Soulik’[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology(in chinese),2017(2):39-47.
[12]Zhao H,Wu L,Wang R.Decadal variations of intense tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific during 1948—2010[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2014,31(1):57-65.
[13]Atlas R,Hoffman R N,Leidner S M.The effects of marine winds from scatterometer data on weather analysis and forecasting[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2001,82(9):1965-1990.
[14]Stiles B W,Yueh S.Impact of rain on spaceborne Kuband scatterometer data[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,2001,40(9):1973-1983.
[15]Brennan M J,Hennon C C,Knabb R D.The operational use of QuikSCAT ocean surface vector winds at the National Hurricane Center[J].Wea Forecasting,2008,24(3):621-645.
[16]Yuan J,Wang D,Wan Q,et al.A 28-year climatological analysis of size parameters for northwestern Pacific tropical cyclones[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2007,24(1):24-34.
[17]Holland G J.An analytic model of the wind and pressure profiles in hurricanes[J].Monthly Weather Review,1980,108(8):1212-1218.
[18]Lei X T,Chen L S.A method to construct tropical cyclone wind distribution models and estimate its characteristic parameters[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2005,48(1):25-31.
[19]GAO S H,Yang B,WU Z M.A tangential wind profile for simulating strong Stropical cyclones with MM5[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2005,4(1):21-28.
[20]Miller B I.Characteristics of hurricanes[J].Science,1967,157(3759):1389-1399.