铜/钢异种金属搅拌摩擦焊搭接工艺
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摘要
采用SKD61模具钢搅拌头对2 mm厚铜/钢异种金属进行搅拌摩擦焊搭接,分析了搭接接头微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,当搅拌针与钢母材直接接触时,随焊接过程的进行搅拌针不断磨损甚至发生断裂.焊核区前进侧出现流线区域,在搭接界面结合处形成机械冶金结合.显微硬度测试显示,铜侧焊核区硬度最高,在搭接界面处硬度分布呈中间高两边低的趋势,接头厚度方向搭接界面处硬度最高.形成良好结合的搭接接头在拉剪试验中断裂于铜侧热影响区,拉伸断口存在大量韧窝,呈典型韧性断裂模式.
T2 copper and Q235 steel dissimilar metals were friction stir lap welded(FSLWed) using the stir tool made by SKD61 die steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of FSLWed joints were studied. The results showed that the stirring on the Q235 steel of the stir tool leaded to constant wear even fractured. There was stream-lined structure in the advancing side of nugget zone and mechanical and metallurgical bonding was formed in interface zone(IZ). The micro-hardness test showed that the micro-hardness of weld nugget zone(WNZ) was the highest in copper side. The microhardness of interface zone(IZ) in weld center was higher than that of the both sides, which meaned that the micro-hardness of IZ was the highest along the thickness direction. The defectfree joint fractured in the heat affect zone(HAZ) of copper side in the tensile-shear test. The fracture surface morphology of lap joints was characterized by dimples, showing that it was ductile fracture.
T2 copper and Q235 steel dissimilar metals were friction stir lap welded(FSLWed) using the stir tool made by SKD61 die steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of FSLWed joints were studied. The results showed that the stirring on the Q235 steel of the stir tool leaded to constant wear even fractured. There was stream-lined structure in the advancing side of nugget zone and mechanical and metallurgical bonding was formed in interface zone(IZ). The micro-hardness test showed that the micro-hardness of weld nugget zone(WNZ) was the highest in copper side. The microhardness of interface zone(IZ) in weld center was higher than that of the both sides, which meaned that the micro-hardness of IZ was the highest along the thickness direction. The defectfree joint fractured in the heat affect zone(HAZ) of copper side in the tensile-shear test. The fracture surface morphology of lap joints was characterized by dimples, showing that it was ductile fracture.
引文
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[3]程东海,邵景辉,陈益平,等.铜钢异种材料等离子弧焊接头性能[J].焊接学报,2012,33(9):97-100.Cheng Donghai,Shao Jinghui,Chen Yiping,et al.Plasma arc welding of copper-steel dissimilar metals[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(9):97-100.
[4]Magnabosco I,Ferro P,Bonollo F,et al.An investigation of fusion zone microstructures in electron beam welding of copperstainless steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,424(1-2):163-173.
[5]彭迟,程东海,陈益平,等.铜/钢异种材料等离子弧焊接头显微组织分析[J].材料科学与工艺,2015,23(4):105-110.Peng Chi,Cheng Donghai,Chen Yiping,et al.Microstructure of dissimilar material joint with T2 copper and steel 304 for plasma arc welding[J].Materials Science and Technology,2015,23(4):105-110.
[6]张秉刚,冯吉才,吴林,等.铬青铜与双相不锈钢电子束熔钎焊接头形成机制[J].焊接学报,2005,26(2):17-20.Zhang Bingang,Feng Jicai,Wu Lin,et al.Formation mechanism of electron beam melt-brazed joint of chromium-bronze and duplex phase stainless steel[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2005,26(2):17-20.
[7]Morizono Y,Hirokawa Y,Nishida M.Effect of aging treatmenton explosive welding process of beryllium copper to steel[J].Science and Technology of Energetic Materials,2009,70(1-2):43-48.
[8]Luo J,Wang X,Liu D,et al.Inertia radial friction welding joint of large size H90 brass/D60 steel dissimilar metals[J].Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2012,27(9):930-935.
[9]Wang Y,Luo J,Wang X,et al.Interfacial characterization of T3copper/35CrMnSi steel dissimilar metal joints by inertia radial friction welding[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2013,68(5-8):1479-1490.
[10]黄春平,邢丽,柯黎明,等.紫铜与低碳钢厚板搅拌摩擦焊工艺分析[J].焊接学报,2009,30(12):37-40.Huang Chunping,Xing Li,Ke Liming,et al.Technology of friction stir welding for copper and mild steel thick plate[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2009,30(12):37-40.
[11]Imani Y,Givi M K B,Guillot M.Improving friction stir welding between copper and 304L stainless steel[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,409:263-268.
[12]贺地求,徐少华,彭建红,等.铜与不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的显微组织[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(9):2608-2613.He Diqiu,Xu Shaohua,Peng Jianhong,et al.Microstructure of friction stir welding lap joint between pure copper and stainless steel[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(9):2608-2613.
[13]Li B,Zhang Z,Shen Y,et al.Dissimilar friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and aluminum alloy employing a modified butt joint configuration:influences of process variables on the weld interfaces and tensile properties[J].Materials&Design,2014,53(1):838-848.
[14]Chen Z W,Yazdanian S.Microstructures in interface region and mechanical behaviours of friction stir lap Al6060 to Ti-6Al-4Vwelds[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2015,634:37-45.