Development of an efficient contact-friction model for high-fidelity cargo airdrop simulation
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摘要
High-fidelity cargo airdrop simulation requires the contact dynamics between an aircraft and a cargo to be modeled accurately. This paper presents a general and efficient contact-friction model for simulation of aircraft-cargo coupling dynamics during airdrops. The proposed approach has the same essence as that of the finite element node-to-segment contact formulation, which leads to a flexible, straight forward, and efficient code implementation. The formulation is developed under an arbitrary moving frame with both the aircraft and the cargo being treated as general six-degree-of-freedom rigid bodies, and thus it eliminates the restrictions of lateral symmetric assumptions in most existing methods. Moreover, the aircraft-cargo coupling algorithm is discussed in detail, and some practical implementation details are presented. The accuracy and capability of the present method are demonstrated through three numerical examples with increasing complexity and fidelity.
High-fidelity cargo airdrop simulation requires the contact dynamics between an aircraft and a cargo to be modeled accurately. This paper presents a general and efficient contact-friction model for simulation of aircraft-cargo coupling dynamics during airdrops. The proposed approach has the same essence as that of the finite element node-to-segment contact formulation, which leads to a flexible, straight forward, and efficient code implementation. The formulation is developed under an arbitrary moving frame with both the aircraft and the cargo being treated as general six-degree-of-freedom rigid bodies, and thus it eliminates the restrictions of lateral symmetric assumptions in most existing methods. Moreover, the aircraft-cargo coupling algorithm is discussed in detail, and some practical implementation details are presented. The accuracy and capability of the present method are demonstrated through three numerical examples with increasing complexity and fidelity.
High-fidelity cargo airdrop simulation requires the contact dynamics between an aircraft and a cargo to be modeled accurately. This paper presents a general and efficient contact-friction model for simulation of aircraft-cargo coupling dynamics during airdrops. The proposed approach has the same essence as that of the finite element node-to-segment contact formulation, which leads to a flexible, straight forward, and efficient code implementation. The formulation is developed under an arbitrary moving frame with both the aircraft and the cargo being treated as general six-degree-of-freedom rigid bodies, and thus it eliminates the restrictions of lateral symmetric assumptions in most existing methods. Moreover, the aircraft-cargo coupling algorithm is discussed in detail, and some practical implementation details are presented. The accuracy and capability of the present method are demonstrated through three numerical examples with increasing complexity and fidelity.
引文
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2.Ke P,Yang CX,Yang XS.Extraction phase simulation of cargo airdrop system.Chin J Aeronaut 2006;19(4):315-21.
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17.Liu YF,Li J,Zhang ZM,Hu XH,Zhang WJ.Experimental comparison of five friction models on the same test-bed of the micro stick-slip motion system.Mech Sci 2015;6(1):15-28.
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2.Ke P,Yang CX,Yang XS.Extraction phase simulation of cargo airdrop system.Chin J Aeronaut 2006;19(4):315-21.
3.Ke P,Yang CX.Heavy cargo airdrop simulation with 3Danimation.J System Simul 2006;5:40.
4.Chen J,Shi Z.Flight controller design of transport airdrop.Chin JAeronaut 2011;24(5):600-6.
5.Feng Y,Shi Z,Tang W.Dynamics modeling and control of large transport aircraft in heavy cargo extraction.J Control Theory Appl2011;9(2):231-6.
6.Liu R,Sun X,Dong W.Dynamics modeling and control of a transport aircraft for ultra-low altitude airdrop.Chin J Aeronaut2015;28(2):478-87.
7.Cuthbert PA.A software simulation of cargo drop tests17th AIAAaerodynamic decelerator systems technology conference.Reston:AIAA;2003.
8.Cuthbert PA,Conley GL,Desabrais KJ.A desktop application to simulate cargo drop tests18th AIAA aerodynamic decelerator systems technology conference and seminar.Reston:AIAA;2005.
9.Potvin J,Charles R.Comparative DSSA study of payloadcontainer dynamics prior to,during and after parachute inflation19th AIAA aerodynamic decelerator systems technology conference and seminar.Reston:AIAA;2007.
10.Fraire Jr U,Anderson K,Cuthbert PA.Extraction and separation modeling of orion test vehicles with ADAMS simulation.22nd AIAA aerodynamic decelerator systems(ADS)conference.Reston:AIAA;2013.
11.Fraire Jr U,Anderson K,Varela JG,Bernatovich M.Extractionseparation performance and dynamic modeling of orion test vehicles with adams simulation23rd AIAA aerodynamic decelerator systems technology conference.2nd ed.Reston:AIAA;2015.
12.Jann T,Geisbauer S,Bier N,Kru¨ger W,Schmidt H.Multi-fidelity simulation of cargo airdrop:from the payload bay to the ground AIAA modeling and simulation technologies conference.Reston:AIAA;2015.
13.Jann T.Implementation of a flight dynamic simulation for cargo airdrop with complex parachute deployment sequences23rd AIAAaerodynamic decelerator systems technology conference.Reston:AIAA;2015.
14.Wriggers P.Computational contact mechanics.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer;2006.p.183-217.
15.Marhefka DW,Orin DE.A compliant contact model with nonlinear damping for simulation of robotic systems.IEEE Trans Syst Man,Cyber Part A:Syst Humans 1999;29(6):566-72.
16.Featherstone R.Rigid body dynamics algorithms.Boston:Springer;2008.p.7-38.
17.Liu YF,Li J,Zhang ZM,Hu XH,Zhang WJ.Experimental comparison of five friction models on the same test-bed of the micro stick-slip motion system.Mech Sci 2015;6(1):15-28.
18.Armstrong-He′louvry B.Control of machines with friction.Boston:Springer;1991.p.63-116.
19.Smith RW.Department of defense world geodetic system 1984:its definition and relationships with local geodetic systems.Fairfax:Defense Mapping Agency Systems Center;1987.p.35-53.
20.Stevens BL,Lewis FL,Johnson EN.Aircraft control and simulation:dynamics,controls design,and autonomous systems.Hoboken:Wiley Blackwell;2015.p.8-40.
21.Diston DJ.Computational modelling and simulation of aircraft and the environment:Volume 1-platform kinematics and synthetic environment.Chichester:Wiley;2009.p.25-93.
22.Papastavridis JG.Analytical mechanics:A comprehensive treatise on the dynamics of constrained systems.Singapore:World Scientific;2014.p.71-237.
23.Kane TR,Levinson DA.Dynamics,theory and applications.New York:McGraw Hill;1985.p.158-86.
24.Zipfel PH.Modeling and simulation of aerospace vehicle dynamics.2nd ed.Reston:AIAA;2007.p.55-150.
25.Allerton D.Principles of flight simulation.Washington,D.C.:Wiley;2009.p.97-154.
26.Ericson C.Real-time collision detection.Amsterdam:CRC Press;2004.p.235-84.
27.Oliphant TE.Python for scientific computing.Comput Sci Eng2007;9(3):10-20.
28.Petzold L.Automatic selection of methods for solving stiff and nonstiff systems of ordinary differential equations.SIAM J Sci Stat Comput 1983;4(1):136-48.
29.Hindmarsh AC.ODEPACK,a systematized collection of ode solvers.Sci Comput 1983;7(2):55-64.
30.Schade N.Simulation of trajectories of cuboid cargos released from a generic transport aircraft29th AIAA applied aerodynamics conference.Reston:AIAA;2011.
31.Hallquist JO.LS-DYNA theory manual.Livermore:Livermore Software Technology Corporation;2006.
32.Dobrokhodov VN,Yakimenko OA,Junge CJ.Six-degree-offreedom model of a controlled circular parachute.J Aircraft2003;40(3):482-93.