蒙脱石/炭对炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响
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摘要
以蒙脱石(MMT)为模板,壳聚糖为碳源,采用水热法合成蒙脱石/炭(MMT/C)纳米复合材料。控制蒙脱石/炭中蒙脱石和炭的比例,并添加于环氧树脂中,模压工艺制备多尺度炭纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料。采用三点弯曲测试、断面扫描等研究两种添加剂对复合材料力学性能、动态热机械性能和导热性能的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖在蒙脱石表面水热炭化成炭,含有C=O、O—H和C—N等有机官能团。当壳聚糖与蒙脱石的质量比为0.5时,水热所得的蒙脱石/炭添加量为2 wt%时对炭纤维/环氧树脂的增强效果最佳,复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高13.4%和20.4%,导热系数提高78.7%。蒙脱石/炭中蒙脱石和炭的协同作用促使蒙脱石/炭在环氧树脂中实现良好的分散;炭中含氮等极性基团与环氧树脂通过化学键合增强蒙脱石/炭与树脂的界面结合,促进应力的传递和分散以及热量的有效传递。
Montmorillonite and carbon(MMT/C) nanofillers was prepared by a hydrothermal method using montmorillonite as the template,chitosan as the carbon source,and were then dispersed in an epoxy resin(EP) to prepare carbon fiber(CF/(MMT/C-EP)) composites by a hot pressing method.Results indicated that when the mass ratio of chitosan to MMT was 0.5,the thermal conductivity,flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composite reach maxima,corresponding to increases of 78.7,13.4 and 20.4%,respectively,compared with those without a nanofiller.These improvements are ascribed to an improved dispersion of the nanofiller in EP and stronger interface bonding between the fillers and the EP.
Montmorillonite and carbon(MMT/C) nanofillers was prepared by a hydrothermal method using montmorillonite as the template,chitosan as the carbon source,and were then dispersed in an epoxy resin(EP) to prepare carbon fiber(CF/(MMT/C-EP)) composites by a hot pressing method.Results indicated that when the mass ratio of chitosan to MMT was 0.5,the thermal conductivity,flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composite reach maxima,corresponding to increases of 78.7,13.4 and 20.4%,respectively,compared with those without a nanofiller.These improvements are ascribed to an improved dispersion of the nanofiller in EP and stronger interface bonding between the fillers and the EP.
引文
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[35]M Li,H Zang,J Feng,et al.Efficient conversion of chitosan into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via hydrothermal synthesis in ionic liquids aqueous solution[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2015,121:331-339.
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[38]J Cha,S Jin,J H Shim,et al.Functionalization of carbon nanotubes for fabrication of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites[J].Materials&Design,2016,95:1-8.
[39]Ji Shoufeng,Li Guichun.Research progress of agglomeration mechanism of ultrafine pow der[J].China Mining,2006,8:54-57.
[40]纪守峰,李桂春.超细粉体团聚机理研究进展[J].中国矿业,2006,8:54-57.(Shi Jianming.Dispersion and polymer coating of nano calcium carbonate[D].Zhejiang University,2005.)
[41]Wang A,Gao X,Giese R F,et al.A ceramice carbon hybrid as a high-temperature structural monolith and reinforcing filler and binder for carbon/carbon composites[J].Carbon,2013,59:76-92.
[42]卫保娟.碳纳米管与石墨烯增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其性能的研究[D].汕头大学,2008.(Wei Baojuan.Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene reinforced epoxy resin composites[D].Shantou University,2008.)
[2]Y Zhang,F Xu,C Zhang,et al.Tensile and interfacial properties of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber after different cryogenic treated condition[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2016,99:358-365.
[3]A Yudhanto,G Lubineau,I A Ventura,et al.Damage characteristics in 3D stitched composites with various stitch parameters under in-plane tension[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and M anufacturing,2015,71:17-31.
[4]S Y Jin,R J Young,S J Eichhorn.Hybrid carbon fibre-carbon nanotube composite interfaces[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,95:114-120.
[5]L Tng.A review of methods for improving the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber and polymer matrix[J].Polymer Compersite,February,1997,18:100-113.
[6]M Sharma,S Gao,E Mder,et al.Carbon fiber surfaces and composite interphases[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,102:35-50.
[7]I Giraud,S Franceschi,E Perez,et al.Influence of new thermoplastic sizing agents on the mechanical behavior of poly(ether ketone ketone)/carbon fiber composites[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2015,132.
[8]H Yuan,C Wang,S Zhang,et al.Effect of surface modification on carbon fiber and its reinforced phenolic matrix composite[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,259:288-293.
[9]M Ishifune,R Suzuki,Y Mima,et al.Novel electrochemical surface modification method of carbon fiber and its utilization to the preparation of functional electrode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2005,51:14-22.
[10]J I Paredes,A Martnez-Alonso,J MD Tascon.Oxygen plasma modification of submicron vapor grown carbon fibers as studied by scanning tunneling microscopy[J].Carbon,2002,40:1101-1108.
[11]Y J Kwon,Y Kim,H Jeon,et al.Graphene/carbon nanotube hybrid as a multi-functional interfacial reinforcement for carbon fiber-reinforced composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,122:23-30.
[12]P I Gonzalez Chi,O Rodríguez Uicab,C Martin Barrera,et al.Influence of aramid fiber treatment and carbon nanotubes on the interfacial strength of polypropylene hierarchical composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,122:16-22.
[13]J Zhang,S Deng,Y Wang,et al.Effect of nanoparticles on interfacial properties of carbon fibre-epoxy composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2013,55:35-44.
[14]S He,C Lu,S Zhang.Facile and efficient route to polyimide TiO2 nanocomposite coating onto carbon fiber[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2011,3:4744-4750.
[15]S O Lee,S H Choi,S H Kwon,et al.Modification of surface functionality of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on fracture toughness of basalt fiber-reinforced composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2015,79:47-52.
[16]Y J Noh,S Y Kim.Synergistic improvement of thermal conductivity in polymer composites filled with pitch based carbon fiber and graphene nanoplatelets[J].Polymer Testing,2015,45:132-138.
[17]Y Zhou,F Pervin,V K Rangari,et al.Influence of montmorillonite clay on the thermal and mechanical properties of conventional carbon fiber reinforced composites[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,191:347-351.
[18]Y Yang,C X Lu,X L Su,et al.Effect of nano-SiO2modified emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers reinforced composites[J].Materials Letters,2007,61:3601-3604.
[19]A K Pathak,M Borah,A Gupta,et al.Improved mechanical properties of carbon fiber/graphene oxide-epoxy hybrid composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2016,135:28-38.
[20]K C Etika,L Liu,L A Hess,et al.The influence of synergistic stabilization of carbon black and clay on the electrical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites[J].Carbon,2009,47:3128-3136.
[21]W Yuan,Q Xiao,L Li,et al.Thermal conductivity of epoxy adhesive enhanced by hybrid graphene oxide/AlN particles[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,106:1067-1074.
[22]L Yue,G Pircheraghi,S A Monemian,et al.Epoxy composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets-Dispersion and synergy effects[J].Carbon,2014,78:268-278.
[23]X Wu,W Zhu,X Zhang,et al.Catalytic deposition of nanocarbon onto palygorskite and its adsorption of phenol[J].Applied Clay Science,2011,52:400-406.
[24]X Wu,C Liu,H Qi,et al.Synthesis and adsorption properties of halloysite/carbon nanocomposites and halloysite-derived carbon nanotubes[J].Applied Clay Science,2016,119:284-293.
[25]X Zhang,L Cheng,X Wu,et al.Activated carbon coated palygorskite as adsorbent by activation and its adsorption for methylene blue[J].J.Environ.Sci.,2015,33:97-105.
[26]X Wu,P Gao,X Zhang,et al.Synthesis of clay/carbon adsorbent through hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose on palygorskite[J].Applied Clay Science,2014,95:60-66.
[27]X Wu,Y Xu,X.Zhang,et al.Adsorption of low-concentration methylene blue onto a palygorskite/carbon composite[J].New Carbon Materials,2015,30:71-78.
[28]D Bana-,A Kubala Kuku-,J.Braziewicz,et al.Study of properties of chemically modified samples of halloysite mineral with X-ray fluorescence and X-ray pow der diffraction methods[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2013,93:129-134.
[29]Y Yang,J Cui,M Zheng,et al.One-step synthesis of aminofunctionalized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal carbonization of chitosan[J].Chem Commun(Camb),2012,48:380-382.
[30]Z Orolínová,A Mockov-iaková.Structural study of bentonite/iron oxide composites[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2009,114:956-961.
[31]Q Zhou,Q Gao,W Luo,C Yan,et al.One-step synthesis of amino-functionalized attapulgite clay nanoparticles adsorbent by hydrothermal carbonization of chitosan for removal of methylene blue from wastew ater[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2015,470:248-257.
[32]C Laginhas,J M V Nabais,MMTitirici.Activated carbons with high nitrogen content by a combination of hydrothermal carbonization with activation[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2016,226:125-132.
[33]Bana D,Kubala Kuku A,Braziewicz J,et al.Study of properties of chemically modified samples of halloysite mineral with X-ray fluorescence and X-ray powder diffraction methods[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2013,93(2):129-134.
[34]蒋长龙.有机/蒙脱土复合能材料研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003.(Jiang Changlong.Research on organic/montmorillonite composite energy materials[D];Hefei University of Technology,2003.)
[35]M Li,H Zang,J Feng,et al.Efficient conversion of chitosan into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via hydrothermal synthesis in ionic liquids aqueous solution[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2015,121:331-339.
[36]X Liu,J Pang,F Xu,et al.Simple approach to synthesize amino-functionalized carbon dots by carbonization of chitosan[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:31100.
[37]J F Timmerman,B S Hayes,J C Seferis.Nanoclay reinforcement effects on the cryogenic microcracking of carbon fiber/epoxy composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2002,62:1249-1258.
[38]J Cha,S Jin,J H Shim,et al.Functionalization of carbon nanotubes for fabrication of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites[J].Materials&Design,2016,95:1-8.
[39]Ji Shoufeng,Li Guichun.Research progress of agglomeration mechanism of ultrafine pow der[J].China Mining,2006,8:54-57.
[40]纪守峰,李桂春.超细粉体团聚机理研究进展[J].中国矿业,2006,8:54-57.(Shi Jianming.Dispersion and polymer coating of nano calcium carbonate[D].Zhejiang University,2005.)
[41]Wang A,Gao X,Giese R F,et al.A ceramice carbon hybrid as a high-temperature structural monolith and reinforcing filler and binder for carbon/carbon composites[J].Carbon,2013,59:76-92.
[42]卫保娟.碳纳米管与石墨烯增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其性能的研究[D].汕头大学,2008.(Wei Baojuan.Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene reinforced epoxy resin composites[D].Shantou University,2008.)