实验动物SPF鸡质量控制标准介绍
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摘要
无特定病原体(SPF)鸡是目前国际上公认的唯一陆禽类实验动物,是禽用及部分人用生物制品生产和检定的重要原材料之一。SPF鸡的微生物学、遗传学、配合饲料和饲养管理等方面的系列质量标准的制定和发布实施,对规范SPF鸡的生产,提高其在禽病和生命科学研究中的可靠性和可重复性,保证疫苗质量,具有重要意义。本文从微生物学、遗传学、配合饲料、饲养管理和运输等5个方面,梳理了SPF鸡质量控制有关的现行国家标准、团体标准和地方标准,期望能为SPF鸡的生产和使用单位提供有益的参考。
Specific-pathogen-free(SPF) chicken is the only recognized laboratory terrain poultry animal, and SPF chicken embryos are a major production and verification material for almost all poultry and some human and livestock vaccines. A series of quality standards on the microbiology, genetics, and formula feed as well as breeding and management of SPF chicken have been established and implemented recently. This paper introduces SPF chicken quality-related standards on microbiology, genetics, formula feed, breeding, care, and transport, including several sets of national standards, group standards, and local standards. We hope that this paper provides a useful reference for SPF chicken producers and users.
Specific-pathogen-free(SPF) chicken is the only recognized laboratory terrain poultry animal, and SPF chicken embryos are a major production and verification material for almost all poultry and some human and livestock vaccines. A series of quality standards on the microbiology, genetics, and formula feed as well as breeding and management of SPF chicken have been established and implemented recently. This paper introduces SPF chicken quality-related standards on microbiology, genetics, formula feed, breeding, care, and transport, including several sets of national standards, group standards, and local standards. We hope that this paper provides a useful reference for SPF chicken producers and users.
引文
[1] 韩凌霞, 王兴童, 陈洪岩.关于禽类实验动物感染实验中的安乐死的分析与思考[J].中国实验动物学报,2015,23(1):105-109.
[2] 中国兽药典委员会.中华人民共和国兽药典(三部)[S].2015年版,北京:中国农业出版社,2015:附录6.
[3] 王锡乐, 巩薇, 贺争鸣,等. 中国大陆地区实验动物生产现状分析[J]. 实验动物科学, 2017, 34(4):67-74.
[4] GB/T 17999.1～2008. 中华人民共和国国家标准—SPF鸡微生物学监测总则 [S]. 2008.
[5] Charles river. Technical guidelines- SPF eggs[EB/OL].https://www.criver.com/sites/default/files/resource-files/av_r_technical_guidelines_SPF_eggs.pdf
[6] 高彩霞,韩凌霞,韩建林. 组织相容性复合体在实验鸡中的应用[J].中国比较医学杂志,2010,20(2),1-5.
[7] Kaufman J. Generalists and specialists: a new view of how MHC class I molecules fight infectious pathogens [J]. Trends Immunol, 2018, 39(5):367-379.
[8] Chang S,Dunn JR, Heidari M, et al. Genetics and vaccine efficacy: host genetic variation affecting Marek’s disease vaccine efficacy in white Leghorn chickens[J]. Poul Sci, 2010, 89(10):2083-2091.
[9] Nikbakht G, Esmailnejad A. Chicken major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and its association with production traits [J]. Immunogenetics, 2015, 67(4):247-252.
[10] Somes RG. International registry of poultry genetic stocks. A directory of specialized lines and strains, mutations, breeds and varieties of chickens, Japanese quail and turkeys [J]. Bull Storrs Agr Exp Station Univ of Connecticut, 1985, 94(92):50-57.
[11] Fulton JE, Lund AR, Mccarron AM, et al. MHC variability in heritage breeds of chickens [J]. Poul Sci, 2016, 95(2):393-399.
[12] Gao CX, Han LX, Han JL, et al. Establishment of six homozygous MHC-B haplotype populations associated with susceptibility to Marek’s disease in Chinese specific pathogen-free BWEL chickens[J].Infect Genet Evol, 2015,29;15-25.
[13] MillerMM, Bacon LD, Hala K, et al.. Nomenclature for the chicken major histocompatibility (B and Y) complex[J]. Immunogenetics,2004,56(4):261-279.
[14] Gao CX, Han LX, Qu LD, et al. Specific TaqMan probed real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods and their application to differentiate the transcripts of duplicated BF or BLB genes in chicken MHC [J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2012,145(3-4):590-596.
[15] 杨柳,高彩霞,武永淑,等.MHC-B单倍型BW/G系鸡群同种异型抗血清的制备及应用[J].中国家禽,2013,35(14):14-18.
[16] GB 14923-2010.实验动物哺乳类实验动物的遗传质量控制 [S].2010.
[17] 肖兵兵,韩凌霞,牛成明,等.应用微卫星DNA标记对BWEL-SPF鸡种群的群体遗传学分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(9):106-111.
[18] 柳洪洁,成连贵,牛钟相,等.SPF鸡与普通鸡消化道主要正常菌群数量的比较[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):795-7984.
[19] 秦川,中国实验动物学会团体标准汇编及实施指南(第一卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.
[20] 刘文峰. 钴60辐照灭菌饲料效果观察及其在SPF鸡群中的应用研究 [D]. 南京农业大学, 2005.
[21] DB23/T 2057.8-2017 实验动物运输隔离器通用技术要求[S].2017.http://www.lascn.net/Item/71631.aspx.
[2] 中国兽药典委员会.中华人民共和国兽药典(三部)[S].2015年版,北京:中国农业出版社,2015:附录6.
[3] 王锡乐, 巩薇, 贺争鸣,等. 中国大陆地区实验动物生产现状分析[J]. 实验动物科学, 2017, 34(4):67-74.
[4] GB/T 17999.1～2008. 中华人民共和国国家标准—SPF鸡微生物学监测总则 [S]. 2008.
[5] Charles river. Technical guidelines- SPF eggs[EB/OL].https://www.criver.com/sites/default/files/resource-files/av_r_technical_guidelines_SPF_eggs.pdf
[6] 高彩霞,韩凌霞,韩建林. 组织相容性复合体在实验鸡中的应用[J].中国比较医学杂志,2010,20(2),1-5.
[7] Kaufman J. Generalists and specialists: a new view of how MHC class I molecules fight infectious pathogens [J]. Trends Immunol, 2018, 39(5):367-379.
[8] Chang S,Dunn JR, Heidari M, et al. Genetics and vaccine efficacy: host genetic variation affecting Marek’s disease vaccine efficacy in white Leghorn chickens[J]. Poul Sci, 2010, 89(10):2083-2091.
[9] Nikbakht G, Esmailnejad A. Chicken major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and its association with production traits [J]. Immunogenetics, 2015, 67(4):247-252.
[10] Somes RG. International registry of poultry genetic stocks. A directory of specialized lines and strains, mutations, breeds and varieties of chickens, Japanese quail and turkeys [J]. Bull Storrs Agr Exp Station Univ of Connecticut, 1985, 94(92):50-57.
[11] Fulton JE, Lund AR, Mccarron AM, et al. MHC variability in heritage breeds of chickens [J]. Poul Sci, 2016, 95(2):393-399.
[12] Gao CX, Han LX, Han JL, et al. Establishment of six homozygous MHC-B haplotype populations associated with susceptibility to Marek’s disease in Chinese specific pathogen-free BWEL chickens[J].Infect Genet Evol, 2015,29;15-25.
[13] MillerMM, Bacon LD, Hala K, et al.. Nomenclature for the chicken major histocompatibility (B and Y) complex[J]. Immunogenetics,2004,56(4):261-279.
[14] Gao CX, Han LX, Qu LD, et al. Specific TaqMan probed real-time quantitative RT-PCR methods and their application to differentiate the transcripts of duplicated BF or BLB genes in chicken MHC [J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2012,145(3-4):590-596.
[15] 杨柳,高彩霞,武永淑,等.MHC-B单倍型BW/G系鸡群同种异型抗血清的制备及应用[J].中国家禽,2013,35(14):14-18.
[16] GB 14923-2010.实验动物哺乳类实验动物的遗传质量控制 [S].2010.
[17] 肖兵兵,韩凌霞,牛成明,等.应用微卫星DNA标记对BWEL-SPF鸡种群的群体遗传学分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(9):106-111.
[18] 柳洪洁,成连贵,牛钟相,等.SPF鸡与普通鸡消化道主要正常菌群数量的比较[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):795-7984.
[19] 秦川,中国实验动物学会团体标准汇编及实施指南(第一卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.
[20] 刘文峰. 钴60辐照灭菌饲料效果观察及其在SPF鸡群中的应用研究 [D]. 南京农业大学, 2005.
[21] DB23/T 2057.8-2017 实验动物运输隔离器通用技术要求[S].2017.http://www.lascn.net/Item/71631.aspx.