施磷肥土壤中钒的迁移转化规律研究
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摘要
为探究长期施用磷肥对耕作土壤中钒(V)的迁移累积规律的影响,研究通过模拟酸性和自然降雨条件下施重过磷酸钙土壤的淋溶过程,讨论了施肥前后土壤中钒的迁移转化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:渗滤液中钒主要以溶解态的形式存在(占比50.8%～90.4%),胶体吸附态含量较低;土壤的pH值直接影响了钒的迁移转化能力,酸性降雨可促使下层土壤中部分钒(Ⅳ)氧化为钒(Ⅴ),同时影响残渣态钒向弱酸提取态和可还原态转化。研究表明,磷肥的施加和降雨的酸性增强均能促进土壤中钒的释放并且提高钒的生物有效性,但是在一定降雨量范围内,降雨酸性越强,土壤中钒的释放量越小;整体上钒的释放量较低;土壤中钒(Ⅴ)与有效态钒显著相关,可作为土壤中钒潜在危害的评价指标。
To explore the effects of phosphate fertilizers on the migration and accumulation of vanadium(V)in cultivated soil, the leaching process of soil with superphosphate was simulated through an indoor soil column. Moreover, the migration and transformation characteristics of V in soil before and after fertilization and its influencing factors were discussed. V in the leachate mainly existed in the dissolved form(50.8%～90.4%), and the colloidal adsorption content state was low. The pH value of the soil directly affected the transformation of V in the soil. Acid leaching liquor promoted the oxidation of partial V(Ⅳ)to V(Ⅴ)in the lower soil layer, and promoted the transformation of V from the residual form to the weak acid extractive and reducible form. Our results indicated that both the leaching of acid liquor and the application of phosphate fertilizer promoted the release of V and increased the bioavailability of V in the soil. Within a certain range of leaching, the lower the pH value of the leaching liquor, the smaller the release of V in the soil. However, the overall release of V was relatively low and the migratory aptitude was weak. There was a significant linear correlation between V(Ⅴ)and the bioavailable fraction of V.The content of V(Ⅴ)could be used as an evaluation index of the potential hazards of V in soil.
To explore the effects of phosphate fertilizers on the migration and accumulation of vanadium(V)in cultivated soil, the leaching process of soil with superphosphate was simulated through an indoor soil column. Moreover, the migration and transformation characteristics of V in soil before and after fertilization and its influencing factors were discussed. V in the leachate mainly existed in the dissolved form(50.8%～90.4%), and the colloidal adsorption content state was low. The pH value of the soil directly affected the transformation of V in the soil. Acid leaching liquor promoted the oxidation of partial V(Ⅳ)to V(Ⅴ)in the lower soil layer, and promoted the transformation of V from the residual form to the weak acid extractive and reducible form. Our results indicated that both the leaching of acid liquor and the application of phosphate fertilizer promoted the release of V and increased the bioavailability of V in the soil. Within a certain range of leaching, the lower the pH value of the leaching liquor, the smaller the release of V in the soil. However, the overall release of V was relatively low and the migratory aptitude was weak. There was a significant linear correlation between V(Ⅴ)and the bioavailable fraction of V.The content of V(Ⅴ)could be used as an evaluation index of the potential hazards of V in soil.
引文
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[30]Cappuyns V,Swennen R.Release of vanadium from oxidized sediments:Insights from different extraction and leaching procedures[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2014,21(3):2272-2282.
[31]饶中秀,朱奇宏,黄道友,等.模拟酸雨条件下海泡石对污染红壤镉、铅淋溶的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):23-27.RAO Zhong-xiu,ZHU Qi-hong,HUANG Dao-you,et al.Effects of sepiolite on Cd and Pb leaching in contaminated red soil under simulated acid rain[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(3):23-27.
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