《拉合尔茶馆的陌生人》跨国视域中的“承认”与“成长”
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摘要
学界大多从地缘政治、文化冲突等角度对莫辛·哈米德的《拉合尔茶馆的陌生人》展开研究,本文认为可以将其视为一部跨国语境中的成长小说。哈米德以主人公昌盖兹留学美国的经历为主要线索,其中交织着家境败落、情感纠葛等诸多变故,着力刻画主人公在变故中成长,在成长中改变。为了融入美国社会生活,他展演不真实的自我;来自美国社会的扭曲的承认,使其积聚受创情感;昌盖兹最终通过建构自我与共同体之间的关系,在自我承认中探求自身本真性,并在谋求不同文化相互承认过程中,趋向成熟自我。哈米德关于国际学生成长历程中承认政治的多重阐释,对于当今处于高等教育国际化进程中的青年学子保持独立、清醒的自我意识具有重要启示意义。
Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist has been well acclaimed for its thought-provoking depiction of both post-9/11 cultural conflicts and the geopolitical identification. This paper considers the work an initiation novel, in which the protagonist, an international student, seeks authenticity in the sojourn in the United States, along with a variety of changes, such as the declination of the family wealth, loss of love and the great impact from the 9/11 attack. It is argued that, after being lost in following American peers blindly and suffering from the twisted recognition in the social communication, authenticity is eventually achieved by way of recognizing his inauthentic existence of self, confirming his belonging to the communities and fighting for mutual recognition between cultures. Hamid's exploration of dimensions of recognition in the growth of an international student sets a significant example to the academic diasporas, who are inspired to keep both independent and critical thinking in the era of transnationalization of higher education.
Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist has been well acclaimed for its thought-provoking depiction of both post-9/11 cultural conflicts and the geopolitical identification. This paper considers the work an initiation novel, in which the protagonist, an international student, seeks authenticity in the sojourn in the United States, along with a variety of changes, such as the declination of the family wealth, loss of love and the great impact from the 9/11 attack. It is argued that, after being lost in following American peers blindly and suffering from the twisted recognition in the social communication, authenticity is eventually achieved by way of recognizing his inauthentic existence of self, confirming his belonging to the communities and fighting for mutual recognition between cultures. Hamid's exploration of dimensions of recognition in the growth of an international student sets a significant example to the academic diasporas, who are inspired to keep both independent and critical thinking in the era of transnationalization of higher education.
引文
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Dagnino,Arianna.Transcultural Writers and Novels in the Age of Global Mobility.West Lafayette:UP of Purdue,2015.
Featherstone,Mike.Consumer Culture and Postmodernism.London:Sage,2007.
Gilroy,Paul.After Empire:Melancholia or Convivial Culture?London:Routledge,2004.
Hartnell,Anna.“Moving through America:Race,Place and Resistance in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist.”Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46.3/4(2010):336-48.
Jameson,Fredric.“Postmodernism,or The Cultural Logic of the Late Capitalism.”New Left Review 146(1984):53-92.
Mead,George Herbert.Mind,Self and Society:The Definitive Edition.Chicago:UP of Chicago,2015.
Morey,Peter.“The Rules of the Game Have Changed:Mohsin Hamid’s Reluctant Fundamentalist and Post-9/11 Fiction.”Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47.2(2011):135-46.
Said,Edward W.Culture Imperialism.London:Vintage,1993.
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Sen,Amartya.Identity and Violence:The Illusion of Destiny.New York:Norton,2007.
Yaqin,Amina.“Mohsin Hamid in Conversation.”Wasafiri 23.2(2008):44-49.
霍耐特:《为承认而斗争》,胡继华译。上海:上海人民出版社,2005。[Honneth,Axel.Kampf um Anerkennung.Trans.Hu Jihua.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2005.]
泰勒:《承认的政治》,载汪晖、陈燕谷编《文化与公共性》(北京:三联书店,1998),第290-337页。[Taylor,Charles.“Politics of Recognition.”Culture and Publicity.Ed.Wang Hui and Chen Yan’gu.Beijing:SDX Joint,1998.290-337.]
费孝通:《关于“文化自觉”的一些自白》,载《学术研究》2003年第7期,第5-9页。[Fei,Xiaotong.“Some Confessions of Culture Self-Knowledge.”Academic Research 7(2003):5-9.]
海德格尔:《存在与时间》,陈嘉映、王庆节译。北京:三联书店,2006。[Heidegger,Martin.Sein und Zeit.Trans.Chen Jiaying and Wang Qingjie.Beijing:SDX Joint,2006.]
哈米德:《拉合尔茶馆的陌生人》,吴刚译。上海:上海译文出版社,2009。[Hamid,Mohsin.The Reluctant Fundamentalist.Trans.Wu Gang.Shanghai:Shanghai Translations,2009.]
黑格尔:《精神现象学》,贺麟、王玖兴译。北京:商务印书馆,1979。[Hegel,G.W.F.Phenomenology of Mind.Trans.He Lin and Wang Jiuxing.Beijing:Commercial,1979.]
童明:《西方文论关键词:飞散》,载《外国文学》2004年第5期,第52-59页。[Tong,Ming.“Diaspora:A Keyword in Critical Theory.”Foreign Literature 5(2004):52-59.]
杨金才:《论新世纪美国小说的主题特征》,载《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2014年第2期,第6-12页。[Yang,Jincai.“On the Thematic Features of Twenty-First-Century American Fictions.”Journal of Shenzhen University(Humanities and Social Sciences)2(2014):6-12.]
赵俊:《国家间关系的道德语法:“为承认而斗争”》,载《欧洲研究》2010年第2期,第124-39页。[Zhao,Jun.“The Moral Grammar of Interstate Relationships:Struggle for Recognition.”Chinese Journal of European Studies 2(2010):124-39.]
Arendt,Hannah.Eichmann in Jerusalem:A Report on the Banality of Evil.New York:Penguin,2006.
Dagnino,Arianna.Transcultural Writers and Novels in the Age of Global Mobility.West Lafayette:UP of Purdue,2015.
Featherstone,Mike.Consumer Culture and Postmodernism.London:Sage,2007.
Gilroy,Paul.After Empire:Melancholia or Convivial Culture?London:Routledge,2004.
Hartnell,Anna.“Moving through America:Race,Place and Resistance in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist.”Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46.3/4(2010):336-48.
Jameson,Fredric.“Postmodernism,or The Cultural Logic of the Late Capitalism.”New Left Review 146(1984):53-92.
Mead,George Herbert.Mind,Self and Society:The Definitive Edition.Chicago:UP of Chicago,2015.
Morey,Peter.“The Rules of the Game Have Changed:Mohsin Hamid’s Reluctant Fundamentalist and Post-9/11 Fiction.”Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47.2(2011):135-46.
Said,Edward W.Culture Imperialism.London:Vintage,1993.
Scanlan,Margaret.“Migrating from Terror:The Postcolonial Novel after September 11.”Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46.3/4(2010):266-78.
Sen,Amartya.Identity and Violence:The Illusion of Destiny.New York:Norton,2007.
Yaqin,Amina.“Mohsin Hamid in Conversation.”Wasafiri 23.2(2008):44-49.
霍耐特:《为承认而斗争》,胡继华译。上海:上海人民出版社,2005。[Honneth,Axel.Kampf um Anerkennung.Trans.Hu Jihua.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2005.]
泰勒:《承认的政治》,载汪晖、陈燕谷编《文化与公共性》(北京:三联书店,1998),第290-337页。[Taylor,Charles.“Politics of Recognition.”Culture and Publicity.Ed.Wang Hui and Chen Yan’gu.Beijing:SDX Joint,1998.290-337.]
费孝通:《关于“文化自觉”的一些自白》,载《学术研究》2003年第7期,第5-9页。[Fei,Xiaotong.“Some Confessions of Culture Self-Knowledge.”Academic Research 7(2003):5-9.]
海德格尔:《存在与时间》,陈嘉映、王庆节译。北京:三联书店,2006。[Heidegger,Martin.Sein und Zeit.Trans.Chen Jiaying and Wang Qingjie.Beijing:SDX Joint,2006.]
哈米德:《拉合尔茶馆的陌生人》,吴刚译。上海:上海译文出版社,2009。[Hamid,Mohsin.The Reluctant Fundamentalist.Trans.Wu Gang.Shanghai:Shanghai Translations,2009.]
黑格尔:《精神现象学》,贺麟、王玖兴译。北京:商务印书馆,1979。[Hegel,G.W.F.Phenomenology of Mind.Trans.He Lin and Wang Jiuxing.Beijing:Commercial,1979.]
童明:《西方文论关键词:飞散》,载《外国文学》2004年第5期,第52-59页。[Tong,Ming.“Diaspora:A Keyword in Critical Theory.”Foreign Literature 5(2004):52-59.]
杨金才:《论新世纪美国小说的主题特征》,载《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2014年第2期,第6-12页。[Yang,Jincai.“On the Thematic Features of Twenty-First-Century American Fictions.”Journal of Shenzhen University(Humanities and Social Sciences)2(2014):6-12.]
赵俊:《国家间关系的道德语法:“为承认而斗争”》,载《欧洲研究》2010年第2期,第124-39页。[Zhao,Jun.“The Moral Grammar of Interstate Relationships:Struggle for Recognition.”Chinese Journal of European Studies 2(2010):124-39.]