The sediment REE provenance, main controlling factors and the responding to the sedimentary environment over the last 150 years in Yangtze River Estuary were discussed. The total content of rare earth element (ΣREE) varies between 158.38 μg/g and 197.87 μg/g. The ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio remains relatively constant with an average of 7.90. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of samples from different depth remain the same and show riverine sediment characteristics. Heavy minerals exert important influence on REE composition. δCe ranges between 0.94 and 1.01. The decreasing trend of δCe distribution over the last 150 years may be related to the progressive hypoxia and high productivity in the Yangtze River Estuary.
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