The Northwest Shelf of Australia is a world known gas province. It is a typical passive margin of a marginal sea consisting of four basins and an orogenic zone, namely the North Carnarvon Basin, Roebuck Basin, Browse Basin, Bonaparte Basin and the Timor-Banda orogenic zone. The main reservoir is the marine sandstone deposited in the rift stage, and the Cretaceous turbidites formed in the passive continental margin stage is a potential reservoir. The Lower Cretaceous marine shale is the main seal covering the whole region. From the view point of petroleum system, there are three reservoir-seal assemblages in the region. The major passes for hydrocarbon migration include structural ridges, faults, and unconformities.