Fabricating photomechanical bilayer actuators constituted by PDMS/GNPs thin layer and PDMS thin layer.

Illumination oriented photomechanical bendings occur when actuated from PDMS/GNPs and PDMS thin layer respectively.

The photomechanical bending mechanism relies on temperature gradient effect and thermal bilayer effect.

Photomechanical deflections decrease with the augment of rotation speed fabricating PDMS thin layers.

Realization of micromachines with our proposed bilayer actuators.