Mild traumati
c brain injury (mTBI), defined as blunt trauma to the head resulting in witnessed loss of
cons
ciousness, definite amnesia, or witnessed disorientation with a Glasgow Coma S
cale (GCS) s
core of 14 or 15 is a
common o
ccurren
ce in the emergen
cy department. In mTBI, oral anti
coagulation is known to be an important risk fa
ctor for hemorrhage. Clini
cal guidelines re
commend baseline
computed tomographi
c (CT) s
can and observation for 24 hours plus a CT s
can before dis
charge.
c_2">Methods
We compared the non-anticoagulated and anticoagulated patients presenting at our emergency department with mTBI and no neurologic signs (GCS = 15). Every non-anticoagulated patient underwent only a baseline CT scan, whereas the anticoagulated group underwent a second CT scan after a 24-hour observation period.
c_3">Results
Between April 2012 and April 2013, we observed 908 adult patients with mTBI and a GCS score of 15; 74 patients (8.1%) were taking oral anticoagulant drugs as long-term therapy, whereas the remaining 834 patients (91.9%) were not. In the non-anticoagulation group, 38 patients (4.6%) were positive for hemorrhage. Two patients underwent neurosurgical intervention. In the anticoagulation group, 5 patients (6.8%) were positive for hemorrhage. No patient underwent neurosurgical intervention. None of them died. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant.
c_4">Conclusions
Patients with a GCS score of 15 who are taking long-term anticoagulation therapy and who present with mTBI have a risk of cranial hemorrhage that is likely to be similar to that of non-anticoagulated patients. It may be reasonable to envision a protocol including only one CT scan and an appropriate observation period.