The costs and benefits of REDD⁺: A review of the literature

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• 作者：Ari Rakatama^a ; ¹ ; Ram Pandit^a ; ^b ; ¹ ; ^{ram.pandit@uwa.edu.au} ; Chunbo Ma^a ; Sayed Iftekhar^b
• 关键词：REDD+ ; Opportunity cost ; Transaction cost ; Implementation cost ; Direct benefit ; Estimation approach
• 刊名：Forest Policy and Economics
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：75
• 期：Complete
• 页码：103-111
• 全文大小：495 K
• 卷排序：75

文摘

From 60 studies, 56 opportunity costs, 21 transaction & implementation costs, and 23 total costs were compared. Only four comparable estimates of direct monetary benefits were found and compared. On average, total REDD+ cost ($24.87/tCO2e) was 2.23 times higher than the opportunity cost. On average, opportunity cost was 3.28 times higher than the transaction and implementation costs. REDD+ costs and benefits studies should provide estimates of all relevant costs and benefits.