Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)-loaded liposomes were prepared.

The electrochemical method was adopted to determine entrapment efficiency of TMP-loaded liposomes for the first time.

The diffusion through BBB model which was built by in vitro cell culture was explored.

The diffusion through BBB model which was built by ex vivo mouse subcutaneous-mucous-membrane (mSMM) method was investigated.

Comparison of the diffusion rate between in vitro and ex vivo.