Adsorption of Nicotinic acid on TiO₂ surface is characterized by IR and XPS analysis.

The blocking effect of Nicotinic acid toward electron transfer on TiO₂ electrode is indicated by recent developed method of cyclic voltammetry.

Low concentration of Nicotinic acid (<10 mM) helps to increase the amount of dye loading on TiO₂ surface.

The use of Nicotinic acid at optimum concentration improves the efficiency of the resulting DSC from 3.14 to 5.02%.

Nicotinic acid enhances the cell performance by the same extend as other standard co-adsorbents at optimum concentrations.