We investigate whether the consumption of rich households provides a reference point in the consumption choices of non-rich households from an intertemporal perspective.

Using UK household data on food consumption, we estimate the Euler equation implied by a life-cycle model incorporating relative concerns for the consumption of rich households.

According to both our OLS and GMM estimates, for the population of non-rich households as a whole, there is no evidence of such relative concerns.

We also examine an alternative model of relative concerns in which households over-consume when exposed to higher reference group consumption, and find correlational evidence that this may be the case for food consumed away from home.

We investigate the presence of heterogeneous relative concerns (across county and household characteristics) in both models, finding evidence of relative concerns (for consumption at the top) in counties with relatively low income inequality.