Water supply alternatives were compared through LCA in Northern China.
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Wastewater reclamation is the most sustainable option for Jinan and Qingdao.
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Middle route of SNWDP is the most sustainable option for its water-receiving areas.
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Environmental impacts of east route are higher than middle route of the SNWDP.
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Seawater desalination provokes greatest environmental impacts in all study areas.
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