Electrochemical biosensors may profit from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-derived enzyme nanocarriers used as adapter templates.

TMV nanotubes or coat protein (CP) aggregates on sensor chips enable efficient high-density coupling of active enzymes.

Since TMV tubes and, to a lesser extent, CPs stabilize enzymes, sensor reusability and performance are further enhanced.

The new layout yielded the first amperometric glucose sensors improved by TMV- or CP-exposure of glucose oxidase conjugates.