Private citizen suits and public enforcement: Substitutes or complements?

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• 作者：Christian Langpap ; Jay P. Shimshack
• 关键词：Citizen suits ; Citizen enforcement ; Enforcement ; Regulation ; Pollution policy ; Crowding out
• 刊名：Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：May 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：59
• 期：3
• 页码：235-249
• 全文大小：216 K

文摘

Every major domestic environmental statute provides for citizen suits yet we know little about their implications. This paper's key contribution is systematic micro-level empirical evidence on the extent to which private environmental prosecutions crowd out, or crowd in, public monitoring and public enforcement. We use judicial instruments in an attempt to isolate the causal influence of private enforcement on public enforcement. We find that private citizen suits crowd in public monitoring but significantly crowd out public sanctions.