The usefulness of low-resolution NMR for W/O/W double emulsion characterization was evaluated. Whereas pfg-NMR diffusion experiments enabled the detection of phase inversion and water droplet diameter distribution in the primary W/O emulsion, T
2 relaxation measurements allowed discriminating internal and external water when a paramagnetic agent, such as manganese dichloride was added to the W/O/W emulsion.
The study aimed to entrap a maximal amount of water in the W/O emulsion in order to obtain a concentrated W/O/W emulsion. In addition, the impact of homogenization duration and intensity on the enclosed water volume of the double emulsion was investigated. The results indicated that high-intensity process conditions drastically decreased the yield of the W/O/W emulsion.