Introduction
A multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, and simple blind clinical trial was started in January 2007, with the aim of demonstrating the efficacy of fibrin-based biological adhesives in the prevention of anastomotic leaks in the high risk digestive tract.
Material and methods
A study on the prevention of anastomotic healing defects by applying biological adhesives along the suture line began in January 2007, and included the hospitals, Gregorio Mara?¨®n, Universitario de San Carlos, and Hospital del Sureste, in Madrid. The enrolled patients were randomised to one of 2 groups: the study group in which the adhesive was applied to the suture line, and a control group in which it was not applied. The primary outcome of the study was the presence or absence of leaks. The trial was approved by the corresponding Clinical Research Ethics Committees and the Spanish Medicines Agency (AEMPS) and registered (NCT01306851). The authors declared not to have any conflict of interests with the company, Baxter, which markets the product in Spain.
Results
A total of 104 patients were recruited between January 2007 and November 2010, of whom 52 were randomised to the study group, and 52 to the control group. A total of 22 anastomotic leaks were recorded, of which 7 (13.4 % ) were in the study group, and 15 (28.8 % ) in the control group (P = .046). The leak risk index was 0.384, which means that there was a 61 % reduction in leaks in the patients who had the fibrin-based biological adhesive applied. There were 3 (5.7 % ) further surgeries in the study group, compared to 12 (23 % ) in the control group (P = .12). On analysing the mortality, it was observed that 3 patients in the study group and 4 patients in the control group died (5.7 % vs. 7.7 % , P = .5). No other significant differences were found as regards the type of suture, surgical time, or pre-surgical history, except that the use of drainages appeared to be a protective factor of anastomotic leak (P = .041), although the use or not of a drainage was not a controlled factor, but at the discretion of each surgeon.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates, significantly, that in the 104 patients in the study that fibrin based biological adhesives are capable of preventing anastomotic leaks in the high risk digestive tract, reducing the risk of leaks by 61 % and a further surgeries. This is the first clinical trial that shows these significant results. If our results are maintained at the end of the study, it will show that anastomotic leaks can be prevented with the application of these adhesives, thus their application may be recommended in all the anastomosis of the high risk digestive tract.
