• 作者：Esteban Emiliani ; ^{emiliani@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Michele Talso ; Mohammed Baghdadi ; Sadam Ghanem ; Jonathan Golmard ; Hugo Pinheiro ; Agapios Gkentzis ; Salvatore Butticè ; Olivier Traxer
• 刊名：Urology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：97
• 期：Complete
• 页码：266-268
• 全文大小：265 K

Materials and Methods

A discussion of the current literature about the different anesthesia techniques and the use of apnea to improve RIRS by avoiding renal movements over diaphragmatic excursion was performed.

Results

To date, there are no mentions in the literature about the use of apnea as a mechanism to facilitate this procedure that requires extremely precise laser use. A description of the feasibility of apnea during RIRS is described as a technical consideration and discussed.

Conclusion

The use of apnea during RIRS has facilitated the procedure, avoiding renal movements, particularly in special cases where extremely precise maneuvers during laser use are required.