Mutagenic Activity of Surface Soil and Quantification of 1,3-, 1,6-, and 1,8-Dinitropyrene Isomers in Soil in Japan

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• 作者：Tetsushi Watanabe ; Sumio Goto ; Yutaka Matsumoto ; Masaharu Asanoma ; Teruhisa Hirayama ; Nobuyuki Sera ; Yoshifumi Takahashi ; Osamu Endo ; Shigekatsu Sakai ; and Keiji Wakabayashi
• 刊名：Chemical Research in Toxicology
• 出版年：2000
• 出版时间：April 2000
• 年：2000
• 卷：13
• 期：4
• 页码：281 - 286
• 全文大小：104K
• 年卷期：v.13,no.4(April 2000)
• ISSN：1520-5010

文摘

To clarify the mutagenic potential of nonagricultural surface soil in Japan, 110 soil sampleswere collected from five geographically different areas between November 1996 and March1997, and organic extracts of the soil samples were examined by the Ames/Salmonella assay.Most of the soil extracts showed mutagenicity toward both strains TA98 and TA100 in thepresence and/or absence of a mammalian metabolic activation system (S9 mix), suggestingthat surface soil is largely contaminated with environmental mutagens. Soil samples collectedat Hekinan, Kobe, and Osaka were highly mutagenic toward both strains, and their potenciestoward TA98 without S9 mix were extremely high, inducing more than 12 000 revertants pergram of soil. On the other hand, soil samples from Muroran showed strong mutagenicity towardTA100 with S9 mix. Furthermore, 1,3-dinitropyrene (DNP), 1,6-DNP, and 1,8-DNP in soilsamples collected at 10 sampling sites in three metropolitan areas were quantified byfluorometric detection of the corresponding diaminopyrene isomers using high-performanceliquid chromatography (HPLC). Three DNP isomers were detected in all soil samples, and theamounts of 1,3-, 1,6-, and 1,8-DNP isomers in the soil samples were 12-3270, 14-5587, and13-6809 pg/g, respectively. The gross amount of three DNP isomers in surface soil collectedat Hekinan was more than 10 ng per gram of soil. The highest contribution ratios of DNPisomers to the mutagenicity of soil extracts were observed for the samples collected at Osaka,and the total of the contribution ratios of three DNP isomers was about 50%. These resultssuggest that surface soil is largely contaminated with mutagenic compounds and that DNPisomers are one class of major mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds contaminating surfacesoil.