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The flight feather moult pattern of the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)
- 作者:Iñigo Zuberogoitia ; Juan Antonio Gil ; José Enrique Martínez…
- 关键词:Bearded Vulture ; Gypaetus barbatus ; Moult sequence ; Underhill–Zucchini model
- 刊名:Journal of Ornithology
- 出版年:2016
- 出版时间:January 2016
- 年:2016
- 卷:157
- 期:1
- 页码:209-217
- 全文大小:898 KB
- 参考文献:Adam A, Llopis A (2003) The Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus): age features and moult process. Taller de Ecología—Ecologistas en Acción, Linares, Madrid
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- 作者单位:Iñigo Zuberogoitia (1)
Juan Antonio Gil (2) José Enrique Martínez (3) Birgit Erni (4) Bakartxo Aniz (5) Pascual López-López (6)
1. Estudios Medioambientales Icarus S.L. C/San Vicente, 8. 6 ª Planta, Dpto 8, Edificio Albia I, 48001, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain 2. Fundación para la Conservación del Quebrantahuesos, Plaza San Pedro Nolasco 1, 4u F, 50001, Zaragoza, Spain 3. Bonelli´s Eagle Study and Conservation Group, Apdo, 4009, 30080, Murcia, Spain 4. Department of Statistical Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa 5. Pl Dra Juana García Orcoyen 5, 31012, Pamplona, Spain 6. Vertebrates Zoology Research Group, University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
- 刊物类别:Biomedical and Life Sciences
- 刊物主题:Life Sciences
Zoology Animal Ecology Evolutionary Biology
- 出版者:Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
- ISSN:2193-7206
文摘
Moult is an extremely time-consuming and energy-demanding task for large birds. In addition, there is a trade-off between the time devoted to moulting and that invested in other activities such as breeding and/or territory exploration. Moreover, it takes a long time to grow a long feather in large birds, and large birds that need to fly while moulting cannot tolerate large gaps in the wing, but only one or two simultaneously growing feathers. As a consequence, large birds take several years to complete a full moult cycle, and they resume the moult process during suboptimal conditions. A clear example of this pattern is the Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), which needs 2–3 years for changing all flight feathers. Here we describe the sequence, extent, and timing of moult of 124 Bearded Vultures in detail for the first time. We found that extent and timing of flight feather moult was different between age classes. Subadults (from 3rd to 5th calendar year) started moult, on average, in early March, whereas adults only started moult, on average, in late April, possibly due to breeding requirements. Second calendar year individuals delayed onset of moult until the middle of May. In general, the moult lasted until November, and although adults started to moult later than subadults, they moulted more feathers. Subadults needed 3 years for moulting all flight feathers, whereas adults normally completed it in 2 years. Keywords Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus Moult sequence Underhill–Zucchini model
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