Determination of Preferred pH for Root-knot Nematode Aggregation Using Pluronic F-127 Gel

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• 作者：Congli Wang (1)
  George Bruening (2)
  Valerie M. Williamson (1)
  
• 关键词：Nematode ; Chemotaxis ; Carbon dioxide ; Gradient ; Meloidogyne hapla ; Meloidogyne incognita ; Meloidogyne javanica ; Bioassay
• 刊名：Journal of Chemical Ecology
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：October 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：35
• 期：10
• 页码：1242-1251
• 全文大小：441KB
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• 作者单位：Congli Wang (1)
  George Bruening (2)
  Valerie M. Williamson (1)
  
  1. Department of Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
  

文摘

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are obligate endoparasites of a wide range of plant species. The infective stage is attracted strongly to and enters host roots at the zone of elongation, but the compounds responsible for this attraction have not been identified. We developed a simple assay to investigate nematode response to chemical gradients that uses Pluronic F-127, a synthetic block copolymer that, as a 23% aqueous solution, forms a liquid at low temperature and a gel at room temperature. Test chemicals are put into a modified pipette tip, or 鈥榗hemical dispenser,鈥?and dispensers are inserted into the gel in which nematodes have been dispersed. Meloidogyne hapla is attracted to pH gradients formed by acetic acid and several other Br酶nsted acids and aggregates between pH 4.5 and 5.4. While this pH range was attractive to all tested root-knot nematode strains and species, the level of aggregation depended on the species/strain assessed. For actively growing roots, the pH at the root surface is most acidic at the zone of elongation. This observation is consistent with the idea that low pH is an attractant for nematodes. Root-knot nematodes have been reported to be attracted to carbon dioxide, but our experiments suggest that the observed attraction may be due to acidification of solutions by dissolved CO2 rather than to CO2 itself. These results suggest that Pluronic F-127 gel will be broadly applicable for examining responses of a range of organisms to chemical gradients or to each other.