Widespread plant species: natives versus aliens in our changing world

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• 作者：1. National Institute of Invasive Species Science ; US Geological Survey ; Fort Collins Science Center ; Fort Collins ; CO 80526 ; USA2. Institute of Botany ; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Pr?honice ; Charles University Prague ; Prague ; Czech Republic3. Department of Ecology ; Faculty of Science ; Charles University Prague ; Prague ; Czech Republic4. Biota of North America Program ; 9319 Bracken Lane ; Chapel Hill ; NC 27516 ; USA5. Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas ; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales ; Universidad de Concepción & Institute for Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) ; Casilla 160-C ; Concepción ; Chile6. Department of Community Ecology ; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 ; 06120 Halle (Saale) ; Germany7. Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) ; Autonomous University of Barcelona ; 08193 Bellaterra ; Spain8. Department of Botany and Zoology ; Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB) ; Stellenbosch University ; Private Bag X1 ; Matieland ; 7602 South Africa9. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) ; Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens ; Claremont ; South Africa10. Department of Environmental Sciences ; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster ; University of Technology Sydney ; P.O. Box 123 ; Broadway ; NSW 2007 ; Australia11. College of Forest Resources and Environment ; Nanjing Forestry University ; Nanjing ; 210037 Jiangsu ; China12. Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale ; Università La Sapienza ; Piazzale Aldo Moro ; 5 ; 00185 Rome ; Italy13. Plant Biology Department ; University of Barcelona ; Diagonal 645 ; 08028 Barcelona ; Spain
• 关键词：Alien plants – Biotic homogenization – China – Europe – Globalization – North America – Plant invasions – South Africa – South America – Species distributions
• 刊名：Biological Invasions
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：September 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：13
• 期：9
• 页码：1931-1944
• 全文大小：390.4 KB
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• 作者单位：http://www.springerlink.com/content/dtq5212570743140/
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Plant Sciences
  Ecology
  Hydrobiology
  Zoology
  Forestry
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1464

文摘

Estimates of the level of invasion for a region are traditionally based on relative numbers of native and alien species. However, alien species differ dramatically in the size of their invasive ranges. Here we present the first study to quantify the level of invasion for several regions of the world in terms of the most widely distributed plant species (natives vs. aliens). Aliens accounted for 51.3% of the 120 most widely distributed plant species in North America, 43.3% in New South Wales (Australia), 34.2% in Chile, 29.7% in Argentina, and 22.5% in the Republic of South Africa. However, Europe had only 1% of alien species among the most widespread species of the flora. Across regions, alien species relative to native species were either as well-distributed (10 comparisons) or more widely distributed (5 comparisons). These striking patterns highlight the profound contribution that widespread invasive alien plants make to floristic dominance patterns across different regions. Many of the most widespread species are alien plants, and, in particular, Europe and Asia appear as major contributors to the homogenization of the floras in the Americas. We recommend that spatial extent of invasion should be explicitly incorporated in assessments of invasibility, globalization, and risk assessments.