Physical and chemical parameter correlations with technical and technological characteristics of heating systems and the presence of Legionella spp. in the hot water supply

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Anita Rakić ; Nives Štambuk-Giljanović
• 关键词：Drinking water distribution system ; Risk assessment ; Corrosion ; Types of pipes ; Heavy metals ; Legionella spp.
• 刊名：Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：188
• 期：2
• 全文大小：884 KB
• 参考文献：Bargellini, A., Marchesi, I., Righi, E., Ferrari, A., Cencetti, S., Borella, P., & Rovesti, S. (2011). Parameters predictive of Legionella contamination in hot water systems: association with trace elements and heterotrophic plate counts. Water Research, 45, 2315–2321.CrossRef
  Borella, P., Montagna, M. T., Romano-Spica, V., Stampi, S., Stancanelli, G., Triassi, M., Neglia, R., Marchesi, I., Fantuzzi, G., Tatò, D., Napoli, C., Quaranta, G., Laurenti, P., Leoni, E., De Luca, G., Ossi, C., Moro, M., & D’Alcalà, G. R. (2004). Risk factors associated with isolation of Legionellae from domestic hot water. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10, 457–464.CrossRef
  Borella, P., Montagna, M. T., Stampi, S., Stancanelli, G., Romano Spica, V., Triassi, M., Marchesi, I., Bargellini, A., Tatò, D., Napoli, C., Zanetti, F., Leoni, E., Moro, M., Scaltriti, S., D’Alcalà, G. R., Santarpia, R., & Boccia, S. (2005). Legionella contamination in hot water of Italian hotels. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 5805–5813.CrossRef
  Buse, H. Y., Schoen, M. E., & Ashbolt, N. J. (2012). Legionellae in engineered systems and use of quantitative microbial risk assessment to predict exposure. Water Research, 46, 921–933.CrossRef
  Chu, C., Lu, C., & Lee, C. (2005). Effects of inorganic nutrients on the regrowth of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water distribution systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 74, 255–263.CrossRef
  Cianciotto, N. P. (2007). Iron acquisition by Legionella pneumophila. Biometals, 20, 323–331.CrossRef
  CS. (2008). Croatian standard for drinking water (Vol. 47). Zagreb: Official Bulletin.
  CSI. (2003). Water quality-determination of trace elements using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace. Zagreb: Croatian Standards Institute; HRN EN ISO 15586:2003.
  CSI. (2006). Water quality-sampling for microbiological analysis. Zagreb: Croatian Standards Institute; HRN EN ISO 19458:2008.
  CSI. (2008). Water quality-detection and enumeration of Legionella-part 2: direct membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial counts. Zagreb: Croatian Standards Institute; HRN EN ISO 11731–2.
  Eboigbodin, K. E., Seth, A., & Biggs, C. A. (2008). A review of biofilms in domestic plumbing. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 100, 131–138.
  Edagawa, A., Kimura, A., Doi, H., Tanaka, H., Tomioka, K., Sakabe, K., Nakajima, C., & Suzuki, Y. (2008). Detection of colourable and nonculturable Legionella species from hot water systems of public buildings in Japan. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105, 2104–2114.CrossRef
  Erdogan, H., & Arslan, H. (2007). Colonization of Legionella species in hotel water systems in Turkey. Journal of Travel Medicine, 14, 369–373.CrossRef
  Hoffman, P., Friedman, H., & Bendinelli, M. (2008). Legionella pneumophila: pathogenesis and immunity. New York: Springer Science and Business Media.
  Huang, S. W., Hsu, B. M., Wu, S. F., Fan, C. W., Shih, F. C., Lin, Y. C., & Ji, D. D. (2010). Water quality parameters associated with prevalence of Legionella in hot spring facility water bodies. Water Research, 44, 4805–4811.CrossRef
  Kim, B. R., Anderson, J. E., Mueller, S., Gaines, W., & Kendall, M. (2002). Literature review-efficacy of various disinfectants against Legionella in water systems. Water Research, 36, 4433–4444.CrossRef
  Leoni, E., De Luca, G., Legnani, P. P., Sacchetti, R., Stampi, S., & Zanetti, F. (2005). Legionella waterline colonization: detection of Legionella species in domestic, hotel and hospital hot water systems. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98, 373–379.CrossRef
  Marchesi, I., Marchegiano, P., Bargellini, A., Cencetti, S., Frezza, G., Miselli, M., & Borella, P. (2011). Effectiveness of different methods to control Legionella in the water supply: ten-year experience in an Italian university hospital. Journal of Hospital Infection, 77, 47–51.CrossRef
  Moel, P. J., Verberk, J. Q., & van Dijk, J. C. (2006). Drinking water principles and practices. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.CrossRef
  Moritz, M. M., Flemming, H.-C., & Wingender, J. (2010). Integration of pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water biofilms grown on domestic plumbing materials. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 213, 190–197.CrossRef
  Mouchtouri, V., Velonakis, E., & Hadjichristodoulou, C. (2007). Thermal disinfection of hotels, hospitals, and athletic venues hot water distribution systems contaminated by Legionella species. American Journal of Infection Control, 35, 623–627.CrossRef
  Ndiongue, S., Huck, P. M., & Slawson, R. M. (2005). Effects of temperature and biodegradable organic matter on control of biofilms by free chlorine in a model drinking water distribution system. Water Research, 39, 953–964.CrossRef
  Nguyen, M. H., Stout, J. E., & Yu, V. L. (1991). Legionellosis. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 5, 561–584.
  Percival, S. L., Knapp, J. S., Wales, D. S., & Edyvean, R. G. J. (1999). The effect of turbulent flow and surface roughness on biofilm formation in drinking water. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 22, 152–159.CrossRef
  Rakić, A., Perić, J., Štambuk-Giljanović, N., Mikrut, A., & Bakavić, A. S. (2011). The water quality in public supply water in permanently vs. seasonally used water supply systems. Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju, 62, 335–339.
  Storey, M. V., Ashbolt, N. J., & Stenström, T. A. (2004). Biofilms, thermophilic amoebae and Legionella pneumophila—a quantitative risk assessment for distributed water. Water Science and Technology, 50, 77–82.
  Taylor, M., Ross, K., & Bentham, R. (2009). Legionella, protozoa, and biofilms: interactions within complex microbial systems. Microbial Ecology, 58, 538–547.CrossRef
  Videla, H. A. (2001). Microbially induced corrosion: an updated overview. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 48, 176–201.CrossRef
  Whiley, H., & Bentham, R. (2011). Legionella longbeachae and Legionellosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17(4), 579–583.CrossRef
  Wullings, B. A., Bakker, G., & van der Kooij, D. (2011). Concentration and diversity of uncultured Legionella pneumophila in two unchlorinated drinking water supplies with different concentrations of natural organic matter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(2), 634–641.CrossRef
  Zietz, B., Wiese, J., Brengelmann, F., & Dunkelberg, H. (2001). Presence of Legionellaceae in warm water supplies and typing of strains by polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiology and Infection, 126, 147–152.
  
• 作者单位：Anita Rakić (1)
  Nives Štambuk-Giljanović (2)
  
  1. Public Health Institute of Split-Dalmatian County, Vukovarska 46, 21000, Split, Croatia
  2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  Ecology
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2959

文摘

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Legionella spp. and compare the quality of hot water between four facilities for accommodation located in Southern Croatia (the Split-Dalmatian County). The research included data collection on the technical and technological characteristics in the period from 2009 to 2012. The survey included a type of construction material for the distribution and internal networks, heating system water heater type, and water consumption. Changes in water quality were monitored by determination of the physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, free chlorine residual concentrations, iron, zinc, copper and manganese) in the samples, as well as the presence and concentration of bacteria Legionella spp. The temperature is an important factor for the development of biofilms, and it is in negative correlation with the appearance of Legionella spp. Positive correlations between the Fe and Zn concentrations and Legionella spp. were established, while the inhibitory effect of a higher Cu concentration on the Legionella spp. concentration was proven. Legionella spp. were identified in 38/126 (30.2 %) of the water samples from the heating system with zinc-coated pipes, as well as in 78/299 (26.1 %) of the samples from systems with plastic pipes. A similar number of Legionella spp. positive samples were established regardless of the type of the water heating system (central or independent). The study confirms the necessity of regular microbial contamination monitoring of the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs).