Historical changes in the food and water supply systems of the New York City Metropolitan Area

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• 作者：Dennis P. Swaney (1) dps1@cornell.edu
  Renee L. Santoro (1)
  Robert W. Howarth (1)
  Bongghi Hong (1)
  Kieran P. Donaghy (2)
• 关键词：New York &#8211 ; Water supply &#8211 ; Foodprint &#8211 ; Historical ecology &#8211 ; Urban ecology &#8211 ; Urban studies &#8211 ; Foodshed &#8211 ; Watershed &#8211 ; Nitrogen &#8211 ; Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs &#8211 ; NANI &#8211 ; Water use &#8211 ; Food consumption
• 刊名：Regional Environmental Change
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：June 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：12
• 期：2
• 页码：363-380
• 全文大小：770.2 KB
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• 作者单位：1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA2. Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Geoecology and Natural Processes
  Geology
  Oceanography
  Geography
  Nature Conservation
  Regional Science
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1436-378X

文摘

The history of New York City (NYC) is much shorter than those of most European cities, but New York shares in common the problem of providing sufficient water and food to its inhabitants from its watershed and foodshed. These resource provision areas have grown over time and changed in character as they expanded in tandem with the growth of the city. In contrast to some cities, such as Paris, which historically has been supported by local food production, NYC’s status as a trade center has enabled the supply of food from distant sources from early in its history. NYC’s transportation system has rapidly evolved from early roads to canals, railroads, and modern surface and air transport networks. The development of the hydraulic engineering of the City’s reservoir, aqueduct, and tunnel system determined the extent of its water supply watersheds. Deviations from general growth trends in food and water consumption have occurred due to environmental and economic disruptions. As the growth of the city slowed in the last few decades, environmental technology has reduced the impact of the City on its environment, due to water metering, reduction of leakage, and improvements in waste treatment. However, per capita food consumption in the US continues to increase, with implications for the environmental health of New York and its region, as well as other centers of net anthropogenic nutrient inputs.