A Political and Social History of HIV in South Africa

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• 作者：Nono Simelela ; W. D. Francois Venter ; Yogan Pillay…
• 关键词：HIV ; South Africa ; Health system
• 刊名：Current HIV/AIDS Reports
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：12
• 期：2
• 页码：256-261
• 全文大小：317 KB
• 参考文献：Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: -Of importance1.Chigwedere P, Seage GR, Gruskin S, Lee T-H. Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa. Perspectives: Epidemiology and Social Science. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:410- (accessed 28 January 2015).View Article PubMed
  2.Heywood, M. 2004 Price of Denial. Development Update 5(3). Interfund. http://?www.?tac.?org.?za/?Documents/?PriceOfDenial.?doc . Accessed 30 Jan 2015.
  3.Shisana O, Rehle T, Simbayi LC, Zuma K, Jooste S, Labadarios D, et al. South African national HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012. Cape Town: HSRC Press; 2014.
  4.Department of Health. The 2012 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Herpes Simplex type-2 prevalence Survey. South African National Department of Health; 2013.
  5.McNeil J. A History of Official Government HIV/AIDS Policy in South Africa. South African History Archives. Available at: http://?www.?sahistory.?org.?za/?topic/?history-official-government-hivaids-policy-south-africa .
  6.Ras GJ, Simson W, Anderson R, Prozesky OW, Hammersma T. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a report of 2 South African cases. S Afr Med J. 1983;64(4):140-.PubMed
  7.Furman K. Mbeki’s AIDS denialism: Thabo Mbeki’s support of dissident HIV/AIDS scientists is a cautionary tale for policy makers dealing with competing sets of evidence. Think Africa Press, published 17 November 2011. Available here: http://?thinkafricapress-?com/?south-africa/?mbeki-aids-denialism .
  8.Health Systems Trust. Phila legislative update no 3. The Sarafina II controversy. June 1996. http://?www.?healthlink.?org.?za/?pphc/?Phila/?sarafina.?mtmv .
  9.Barron P, Pillay Y, Doherty T, Sherman G, Jackson D, Bhardwaj S, et al. Eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:70-. doi:10.-471/?BLT.-2.-06807 .View Article PubMed Central PubMed
  10.Honermann B, Heywood M. A judgment that saved a million lives, The Star. http://?www.?iol.?co.?za/?the-star/?a-judgment-that-saved-a-million-lives-1.-334636#.?UmWK8RD6oiQ . Accessed 5 Jul 2012.
  11.McCoy D, Besser M, Visser R, Doherty T. Interim findings on the national PMTCT pilot sites: summary of lessons and recommendations. Durban: Health Systems Trust; 2002. http://?www.?hst.?org.?za/?sites/?default/?files/?pmtctsummary.?pdf .
  12.Address by Premier Shilowa at the Opening of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature. Available at http://?www.?gpg.?gov.?za/?docs/?sp/-002/?sp0218.?html . Quoted in Heywood: Ibid. p. 304.
  13.Statement on Cabinet meeting of 17 April 2002. http://?www.?gcis.?gov.?za/?content/?newsroom/?media-releases/?cabinet-statements/?statement-cabinet-meeting-17-april-2002-1 . Accessed 20 Jan 2015.
  14.Report of the Joint Health and Treasury Task Team on treatment options to enhance comprehensive care for HIV/AIDS in the public sector. http://?www.?gov.?za/?documents/?treatment-options-enhance-comprehensive-care-hivaids-public-sector-summary-report-joint . Accessed 20 Jan 2015.
  15.Statement on Cabinet meeting of 8 August 2003. http://?www.?gcis.?gov.?za/?content/?newsroom/?media-releases/?cabinet-statements/?statement-cabinet-meeting-8-august-2003 . Accessed 20 Jan 2015.
  16.Department of Health. Operational plan for comprehensive HIV and AIDS care, Management and Treatment for South Africa. Pretoria, 19 November 2003. http://?www.?hsph.?harvard.?edu/?population/?aids/?southafrica.?aids.-3.?pdf . Accessed 21 Jan 2015.
  17.Statement of Cabinet on a Plan for Comprehensive Treatment and Care for HIV and AIDS in South Africa; 19 November 2003. http://?www.?gcis.?gov.?za/?content/?newsroom/?media-releases/?cabinet-statements/?cabinet-statement-treatplan-plan-hiv-and-aids . Accessed 21 Jan 2015.
  18.Department of Health, South Africa. Health Overview 2006. Pretoria, May 2006. Page 26. http://?www.?hst.?org.?za/?sites/?default/?files/?doh_?anrep_-005_-6.?pdf . Accessed 23 Jan 2015.
  19.Bateman C. Time to ‘stop pedalling backwards--Motsoaledi. S Afr Med J. 2009;99(11):778-. http://?www.?samj.?org.?za/?index.?php/?samj/?article/?viewFile/-817/-563 . Accessed 21 Jan 2015.
  20.The Lancet. Global Health Series. Health in South Africa. Published August 24, 2009. http://?www.?thelancet.?com/?series/?health-in-south-africa . Accessed 30 Jan 2015.
  21.South African Department of Health. The National Strategic Plan on HIV, STIs and TB, 2012-016. http://?www.?sanac.?org.?za/?nsp/?the-national-strategic-plan . Accessed 21 Jan 2015.
  22.Health-e: NSP 2012-016: Living with AIDS # 511; 12 April 2012. http://?www.?health-e.?org.?za/-012/-4/-2/?nsp-2012-%C2%80%C2%93-2016-living-with-aids-511/-/span> . Accessed 21 Jan 2015.
  23.-/div>Dorrington RE, Bradshaw D, Laubscher R. Rapid mortality surveillance report 2012. Cape Town: South African Medical Research Council; 2014. ISBN: 978-1-920618-19-3. This work shows how much progress has been made in So
• 作者单位：Nono Simelela (1)
  W. D. Francois Venter (2)
  Yogan Pillay (3)
  Peter Barron (3) (4)
  
  1. The Presidency, Union Buildings, Government Avenue, Pretoria, South Africa
  2. Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (WRHI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Hugh Solomon Building Klein & Esselen St., Johannesburg, South Africa
  3. National Department of Health, Civitas Building, Strubens Road, Pretoria, South Africa
  4. School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  
• 刊物主题：Medicine/Public Health, general;
• 出版者：Springer US
• ISSN：1548-3576

文摘

For the past 25?years, South Africa has had to deal with the inexorable and monumental rise of HIV. From one or two isolated cases, in the late 1980s, South Africa now has an estimated 6.4 million people infected with HIV, with high rates of concomitant tuberculosis, which will profoundly affect the country for decades to come. For nearly 10?years, the South African government’s response to the HIV epidemic was described as denialist, which was estimated to have resulted in the deaths of 330,000 people because lifesaving antiretroviral therapy (ART) was not provided (Chigwedere et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 49:410-5, 2008; Heywood 2004). However, the story of the HIV and AIDS response in South Africa over the past 5?years is one of great progress after almost a decade of complex and tragic denialism that united civil society in a way not seen since the opposition to apartheid. Today, South Africa can boast of close to 3 million people on ART, by far the largest number in the world. Prevention efforts appear to be yielding results but there continues to be large numbers of new infections, with a profound peak in incidence in young women aged 15 to 24?years. In addition, infections occur across the gender spectrum in older age groups. As a result of the massive increase in access to ART after 2004 and particularly after 2008 as political will towards the HIV ART programme improved, there has been a marked increase in life expectancy, from 56 to 61?years in the period 2009-012 alone; the aggressive expansion of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) to HIV-positive pregnant women has been accompanied by dramatic decrease in HIV transmission to infants; and a 25?% decrease in child and infant mortality rates in the period 2009-012. This progress in access is significantly due to a civil society movement that was prepared to pose a rights-based challenge to a governing party in denial and to brave health officials, politicians and clinicians working in a hostile system to bring about change.