Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Matthew R. Sloat (1)
  Dylan J. Fraser (2)
  Jason B. Dunham (3)
  Jeffrey A. Falke (4)
  Chris E. Jordan (5)
  John R. McMillan (6)
  Haley A. Ohms (7)
  
• 关键词：Salmon ; Oncorhynchus ; Salmo ; Conservation ; Maturation ; Life history ; Diversity ; Oncorhynchus Resilience
• 刊名：Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：September 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：24
• 期：3
• 页码：689-707
• 全文大小：444 KB
• 参考文献：1. Alagona PS, Cooper S, Stoecker M, Beedle P, Capelli M (2012) The history of steelhead and rainbow trout in the Santa Ynez River watershed. Bull South Calif Acad Sci 11:163鈥?22
  2. Aubin-Horth N, Bourque J-F, Daigle G, Hedger R, Dodson JJ (2006) Longitudinal gradients in threshold sizes for alternative male life history tactics in a population of Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 63:2067鈥?075. doi:10.1139/F06-103
  3. Bastien A, Perry GM, Savaria J-Y, Bernatchez L, Audet C (2011) Genetic gain for growth and delayed sexual maturation using a feral strain of anadromous brook trout. N Am J Aquac 73:24鈥?3
  4. Baum D, Laughton R, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB (2005) The effect of temperature on growth and early maturation in a wild population of Atlantic salmon parr. J Fish Biol 67:1370鈥?380. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00832.x
  5. Beacham TD, Murray CB (1990) Temperature, egg size, and development of embryos and alevins of five species of Pacific salmon: a comparative analysis. Trans Am Fish Soc 119:927鈥?45
  6. Beckman BR, Larsen DA (2005) Upstream migration of minijack (Age-2) Chinook salmon in the Columbia River: behavior, abundance, distribution, and origin. Trans Am Fish Soc 134:1520鈥?541. doi:10.1577/T05-036.1
  7. Beckman BR, Gadberry B, Parkins P, Cooper KA, Arkush KD (2007) State-dependent life history plasticity in Sacramento River winter-run Chinook Salmon ( / Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): interactions among photoperiod and growth modulate smolting and early male maturation. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 64:256鈥?71
  8. Beechie TJ, Collins BD, Pess GR (2001) Holocene and recent geomorphic processes, land use, and salmonid habitat in two north Puget Sound river basins. In: Dorava JM, Montgomery DR, Palcsak B, Fitzpatrick F (eds) Geomorphic processes and riverine habitat. American Geophysical Union, Washington, pp 37鈥?4
  9. Behnke RJ (2002) Trout and salmon of North America, 1st edn. Free Press, New York
  10. Bell E, Dagit R, Ligon F (2011) Colonization and persistence of a southern California steelhead ( / Oncorhynchus mykiss) population. Bull South Calif Acad Sci 110:1鈥?6
  11. Berg OK (1985) The formation of non-anadromous populations of Atlantic salmon, / Salmo salar L., in Europe. J Fish Biol 27:805鈥?15
  12. Berg OK, R酶d G, Solem 脴, Finstad AG (2011) Pre-winter lipid stores in brown trout / Salmo trutta along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. J Fish Biol 79:1156鈥?166
  13. Bernardo J (1993) Determinants of maturation in animals. Trends Ecol Evol 8:166鈥?73. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(93)90142-C
  14. Bernardo J, Reagan-Wallin NL (2002) Plethodontid salamanders do not conform to 鈥済eneral rules鈥?for ectotherm life histories: insights from allocation models about why simple models do not make accurate predictions. Oikos 97:398鈥?14
  15. Berrigan D, Charnov EL (1994) Reaction norms for age and size at maturity in response to temperature a: puzzle for life historians. Oikos 70:474鈥?78
  16. Bohlin T, Dellefors C, Faremo U (1986) Early sexual maturation of male sea trout and salmon鈥攁n evolutionary model and some practical implications. Rep Inst Freshw Res Drottningholm 66:17鈥?5
  17. Bohlin T, Pettersson J, Degerman E (2001) Population density of migratory and resident brown trout ( / Salmo trutta) in relation to altitude: evidence for a migration cost. J Anim Ecol 70:112鈥?21. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00466.x
  18. Bottom DL, Jones KK, Simenstad CA, Smith CL, Cooper R (eds) (2011) Pathways to resilience: sustaining salmon ecosystems in a changing world. Oregon Sea Grant, Corvallis
  19. Boughton DA, Fish H, Pipal K, Goin J, Watson F, Casagrande J, Casagrande J, Stoecker M (2005) Contraction of the southern range limit for anadromous / Oncorhynchus mykiss. NOAA Tech Memo. NMFS-SWFSC-380
  20. Carlson SM, Satterthwaite WH (2011) Weakened portfolio effect in a collapsed salmon population complex. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 68:1579鈥?589
  21. Christie MR, Marine ML, Blouin MS (2011) Who are the missing parents? Grandparentage analysis identifies multiple sources of gene flow into a wild population. Mol Ecol 20:1263鈥?276
  22. Clemento AJ, Anderson EC, Boughton D, Girman D, Garza JC (2009) Population genetic structure and ancestry of / Oncorhynchus mykiss populations above and below dams in south-central California. Conserv Genet 5:1321鈥?336
  23. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) (2006) Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon status report. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  24. Crawford SS (2001) Salmonine introductions to the Laurentian Great Lakes: an historical review and evaluation of ecological effects. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 132. National Research Council Canada Monograph Series, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada
  25. Crespi BJ, Teo R (2002) Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of semelparity and life history in salmonid fishes. Evolution 56:1008鈥?020
  26. Dempson JB, Schwarz CJ, Shears M, Furey G (2004) Comparative proximate body composition of Atlantic salmon with emphasis on parr from fluvial and lacustrine habitats. J Fish Biol 64:1257鈥?271
  27. Devlin RH, Nagahama Y (2002) Sex determination and sex differentiation in fish: an overview of genetic, physiological, and environmental influences. Aquaculture 208:191鈥?64
  28. Dieckman U, Heino M (2007) Probabilistic maturation reaction norms: their history, strengths, and limitations. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser 335:253鈥?69
  29. Docker MF, Heath DD (2003) Genetic comparison between sympatric anadromous steelhead and freshwater resident rainbow trout in British Columbia. Conserv Genet 4:227鈥?31
  30. Dodson JJ, Aubin-Horth N, Th茅riault V, Paez D (2013) The evolutionary ecology of alternative migratory tactics in salmonid fishes. Biol Rev. doi:10.111/brv.12019
  31. Einum S, Kinnison MT, Hendry AP (2004) Evolution of egg size and number. In: Hendry AP, Stearns SC (eds) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, USA, pp 126鈥?53
  32. Einum S, Sundt-Hansen L, Nislow KH (2006) The partitioning of density-dependent dispersal, growth and survival throughout ontogeny in a highly fecund organism. Oikos 113:489鈥?96. doi:10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14806.x
  33. Elliott JM (1994) Quantitative ecology and the brown trout. Oxford University Press, USA
  34. Esteve M (2005) Observations of spawning behaviour in salmoninae: / Salmo, / Oncorhynchus and / Salvelinus. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 15:1鈥?1. doi:10.1007/s11160-005-7434-7
  35. Falke JA, Dunham JB, Jordan CE, McNyset KM, Reeves GH (2013) Spatial ecological processes and local factors predict the distribution and abundance of spawning by steelhead ( / Oncorhynchus mykiss) across a complex riverscape. PLoS One 8(11):e79232. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079232
  36. Finstad AG, Hein CL (2012) Migrate or stay: terrestrial primary productivity and climate drive anadromy in Arctic char. Glob Chang Biol 18:2487鈥?497. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02717.x
  37. Fleming IA (1996) Reproductive strategies of Atlantic salmon: ecology and evolution. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 6:379鈥?16
  38. Fleming IA (1998) Pattern and variability in the breeding system of Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar), with comparisons to other salmonids. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:59鈥?6. doi:10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-59
  39. Fleming IA, Gross MR (1990) Latitudinal clines: a trade-off between egg number and size in Pacific salmon. Ecology 71:1鈥?1
  40. Fleming IA, Reynolds JD (2004) Salmonid breeding systems. In: Hendry AP, Stearns SC (eds) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, USA, pp 264鈥?94
  41. Fraser DJ (in press) Evolutionary hypotheses for a constraint to life history resilience in depleted Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar) populations. J Fish Biol
  42. Fukushima M, Quinn TJ, Smoker WW (1998) Estimation of eggs lost from superimposed pink salmon ( / Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) redds. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:618鈥?25. doi:10.1139/cjfas-55-3-618
  43. Garcia-Vazquez E, Moran P, Martinez JL, Perez J, de Gaudemar B, Beall E (2001) Alternative mating strategies in Atlantic salmon and brown trout. J Hered 92:146鈥?49. doi:10.1093/jhered/92.2.146
  44. Greene CM, Hall JE, Guilbault KR, Quinn TP (2010) Improved viability of populations with diverse life-history portfolios. Biol Lett 6:382鈥?86. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0780
  45. Groot C, Margolis L (1991) Pacific salmon life histories, 1st edn. UBC Press, Vancouver
  46. Gross, MR (1985) Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon. Nature 313:47鈥?8
  47. Gross MR, Coleman RM, McDowall RM (1988) Aquatic productivity and the evolution of diadromous fish migration. Science 239:1291鈥?293
  48. Hall JD, Bisson PA, Gresswell RE (1997) Sea-run cutthroat trout: biology, management, and future conservation: proceedings of a symposium, Reedsport, Oregon, October 12鈥?4, 1995. Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society
  49. Haugen TO, Vollestad LA (2000) Population differences in early-life history traits in grayling. J Evol Biol 13:897鈥?05
  50. Hayes SA, Bond MH, Hanson CV, Freund EV, Smith JJ, Anderson EC, Ammann AJ, MacFarlane RB (2008) Steelhead growth in a small central California watershed: upstream and estuarine rearing patterns. Trans Am Fish Soc 137:114鈥?28
  51. Hayward A, Gilloly JF (2011) The cost of sex: quantifying energetic investment in gamete production by males and females. PLoS One 6:e16557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016557
  52. Hazel WN, Smock R, Johnson MD (1990) A polygenic model for the evolution and maintenance of conditional strategies. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol 242:181鈥?87
  53. Healey MC (1991) Life history of Chinook salmon ( / Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In: Groot C, Margolis L (eds) Pacific salmon life histories, 1st edn. UBC Press, Vancouver, pp 311鈥?94
  54. Heard WR (1991) Life history of pink salmon ( / Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). In: Groot C, Margolis L (eds) Pacific salmon life histories, 1st edn. UBC Press, Vancouver, pp 119鈥?30
  55. Hecht BC, Campbell NR, Holecek DC, Narum SR (2013) Genome-wide association reveals genetic basis for the propensity to migrate in wild populations of rainbow trout and steelhead. Mol Ecol 22:3061鈥?076
  56. Hendry AP, Berg OK (1999) Secondary sexual characters, energy use, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in sockeye salmon. Can J Zool 77:1663鈥?675
  57. Hendry AP, Bohlin T, Jonsson B, Berg OK (2004) To sea or not to sea? Anadromy versus non-anadromy in salmonids. In: Hendry AP, Stearns S (eds) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, USA, pp 92鈥?25
  58. Hilborn R, Quinn TP, Schindler DE, Rogers DE (2003) Biocomplexity and fisheries sustainability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:6564鈥?568. doi:10.1073/pnas.1037274100
  59. Holecek DE, Scarnecchia DL (2013) Comparison of two life history strategies after impoundment of a historically anadromous stock of Columbia river redband trout. Trans Am Fish Soc 142:1157鈥?166
  60. Hopkins CL, Unwin MJ (1997) The effect of restricted springtime feeding on growth and maturation of freshwater-reared chinook salmon, / Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). Aquac Res 28:545鈥?49. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1997.tb01072.x
  61. Hutchings JA (1986) Lakeward migrations by juvenile Atlantic salmon, / Salmo salar. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43:732鈥?41
  62. Hutchings JA (2011) Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes. Heredity 106:421鈥?37
  63. Hutchings JA, Myers RA (1994) The evolution of alternative mating strategies in variable environments. Evol Ecol 8:256鈥?68
  64. Imre I, Grant JWA, Cunjak RA (2005) Density dependent growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick. J Anim Ecol 74:508鈥?16
  65. Johnson SP, Carlson SM, Quinn TP (2006) Tooth size and skin thickness in mature sockeye salmon: evidence for habitat constraints and variable investment between the sexes. Ecol Freshw Fish 15:331鈥?38
  66. Jones NE (2010) Incorporating lakes within the river discontinuum: longitudinal changes in ecological characteristics in stream-lake networks. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 67:1350鈥?362
  67. Jonsson B (1989) Life history and habitat use of Norwegian brown trout ( / Salmo trutta). Freshw Biol 21:71鈥?6
  68. Jonsson B, Jonsson N (1993) Partial migration鈥攏iche shift versus sexual-maturation in fishes. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 3:348鈥?65. doi:10.1007/BF00043384
  69. Jonsson B, Jonsson N (2011) Ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Springer, New York
  70. Jonsson N, Jonsson B, Hansen L (1991) Energetic cost of spawning in male and female Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar L.). J Fish Biol 39:739鈥?44. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04403.x
  71. Keeley ER (2001) Demographic responses to food and space competition by juvenile steelhead trout. Ecology 82:1247鈥?259
  72. Larsen DA, Beckman BR, Strom CR, Parkins PJ, Cooper KA, Fast DE, Dickhoff WW (2006) Growth modulation alters the incidence of precocious male maturation and physiological development of hatchery reared spring Chinook salmon: a comparison with natural origin fish. Trans Am Fish Soc 135:1017鈥?032
  73. Larsen DA, Harstad DL, Strom CR, Johnston MV, Knudsen CM, Fast DE, Pearson TN, Beckman BR (2013) Early life history variation in hatchery鈥攁nd natural-origin spring chinook salmon in the Yakima River, Washington. Trans Am Fish Soc 142:540鈥?55
  74. Letcher BH, Terrick TD (1998) Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood. J Fish Biol 53:1243鈥?252
  75. Luckenbach JA, Dickey JT, Swanson P (2010) Regulation of pituitary GnRH receptor and gonadotropin subunits by IGF1 and GnRH in prepubertal male coho salmon. Gen Comp Endocr 167:387鈥?96
  76. Malyutina AM, Savvaitova KA, Kuzishchin KV, Gruzdeva MA, Pavlov DS (2009) Population structure of the masu salmon / Oncorhynchus masou from the Kol River (Western Kamchatka) and geographic variation in the species area. J Ichthyol 49:390鈥?02. doi:10.1134/S0032945209050051
  77. Martinez JL, Moran P, Perez J, de Gaudemar B, Beall E, Garcia-Vazquez E (2000) Multiple paternity increases effective size of southern Atlantic salmon populations. Mol Ecol 9:293鈥?98. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00857.x
  78. McClure MM, Carlson SM, Beechie TJ, Pess GR, Jorgensen JC, Sogard SM, Sultan SE, Holzer DM, Travis J, Sanderson BL, Power ME, Carmichael RW (2008) Evolutionary consequences of habitat loss for Pacific anadromous salmonids. Evol Appl 1:300鈥?18. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00030.x
  79. McMillan JR, Dunham JB, Reeves GH, Mill JS, Jordan CE (2012) Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, / Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environ Biol Fishes 93:343鈥?55. doi:10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0
  80. McNeil WJ (1964) Redd superimposition and egg capacity of pink salmon spawning beds. J Fish Res Board Can 21:1385鈥?396. doi:10.1139/f64-119
  81. Meka JM, Knudsen EE, Douglas DC, Benter RB (2003) Variable migratory patterns of different adult rainbow trout life history types in a southwest Alaska watershed. Trans Am Fish Soc 132:717鈥?32. doi:10.1577/T01-166
  82. Metcalfe NB, Thorpe JE (1990) Determinants of geographical variation in the age of seaward-migrating salmon, / Salmo salar. J Anim Ecol 59:135鈥?45
  83. Moore JW, McClure M, Rogers LA, Schindler DE (2010) Synchronization and portfolio performance of threatened salmon. Conserv Lett 3:340鈥?48
  84. Mor谩n P, Pendas A, Beall E, Garc铆a-Vazquez E (1996) Genetic assessment of the reproductive success of Atlantic salmon precocious parr by means of VNTR loci. Heredity 77:655鈥?60
  85. Morita KMK, Nagasawa TNT (2010) Latitudinal variation in the growth and maturation of masu salmon ( / Oncorhynchus masou) parr. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 67:955鈥?65
  86. Morita K, Yamamoto S, Hoshino N (2000) Extreme life history change of white-spotted char ( / Salvelinus leucomaenis) after damming. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57:1300鈥?306. doi:10.1139/cjfas-57-6-1300
  87. Myers RA, Hutchings JA (1985) Selection against parr maturation in Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 53:313鈥?20
  88. Naiman RJ, Johnston CA, Kelley JC (1988) Alteration of North American streams by beaver. Bioscience 38:753鈥?62
  89. Narum SR, Zendt JS, Graves D, Sharp WR (2008) Influence of landscape on resident and anadromous life history types of / Oncorhynchus mykiss. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 65:1013鈥?023
  90. Nichols KM, Edo AF, Wheeler PA, Thorgaard GH (2008) The genetic basis of smoltification-related traits in / Oncorhynchus mykiss. Genetics 179:1559鈥?575
  91. Nielsen JL (1999) The evolutionary history of steelhead ( / Oncorhynchus mykiss) along the US Pacific Coast: developing a conservation strategy using genetic diversity. ICES J Mar Sci 56:449鈥?58
  92. Nordeng H (1983) Solution to the char problem based on Arctic char ( / Salvelinus alpinus). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:1372鈥?387. doi:10.1139/f83-159
  93. Okuzawa K (2002) Puberty in teleosts. Fish Physiol Biochem 26:31鈥?1
  94. Olsson IC, Greenberg LA (2004) Partial migration in a landlocked brown trout population. J Fish Biol 65:106鈥?21. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00430.x
  95. Olsson IC, Greenberg LA, Bergman E, Wysujack K (2006) Environmentally induced migration: the importance of food. Ecol Lett 9:645鈥?51. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00909.x
  96. Pavlov DS, Savvaitova KA (2008) On the problem of ratio of anadromy and residence in salmonids (Salmonidae). J Ichthyol 48:778鈥?91
  97. Perrier C, Bourret V, Kent M, Bernatchez L (2013) Parallel and nonparallel genome-wide divergence among replicate population pairs of freshwater and anadromous Atlantic salmon. Mol Ecol. doi:10.1111/mec.12500
  98. Pess GR, Montgomery DR, Steel EA, Bilby RE, Feist BE, Greenberg HM (2002) Landscape characteristics, land use, and coho salmon ( / Oncorhynchus kisutch) abundance, Snohomish River, Wash., USA. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59:613鈥?23
  99. Pich茅 J, Hutchings JA, Blanchard W (2008) Genetic variation in threshold reaction norms for alternative reproductive tactics in male Atlantic salmon, / Salmo salar. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol 275:1571鈥?575
  100. Pirhonen J, Forsman L (1999) Can smolting and maturation of hatchery-reared brown trout / Salmo trutta L. be affected by food deprivation during the first and second years of rearing? Aquac Res 30:611鈥?20. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00380.x
  101. Quinn TP (2005) The behavior and ecology of Pacific salmon and trout. Univ. Press, Seattle, p 320
  102. Quinn TP, Myers KW (2004) Anadromy and the marine migrations of Pacific salmon and trout: Rounsefell revisited. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 14:421鈥?42. doi:10.1007/s11160-005-0802-5
  103. Randall RG, Kelso JRM, Minns CK (1995) Fish production in freshwaters: are rivers more productive than lakes? Can J Fish Aquat Sci 52:631鈥?43
  104. Reeves GH, Benda LE, Burnett KM, Bisson PA, Sedell JR (1995) A disturbance-based ecosystem approach to maintaining and restoring freshwater habitats of evolutionarily significant units of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. Am Fish Soc Symp 17:334鈥?49
  105. Reid DP, Szanto A, Glebe BD, Danzmann RG, Ferguson MM (2005) QTL for body weight and condition factor in Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar): comparative analysis with rainbow trout ( / Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Arctic charr ( / Salvelinus alpinus). Heredity 94:166鈥?72
  106. Rikardsen AH, Thorpe JE, Dempson JB (2004) Modelling the life-history variation of Arctic charr. Ecol Freshw Fish 13:305鈥?11
  107. Roff DA (1996) The evolution of threshold traits in animals. Q Rev Biol 71:3鈥?5. doi:10.2307/3037828
  108. Roff DA (2002) Life history evolution, 1st edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
  109. Rounsefell GA (1958) Anadromy in North American salmonidae. U.S. G.P.O, Washington
  110. Rowe D, Thorpe J (1990) Differences in growth between maturing and nonmaturing male Atlantic Salmon, / Salmo salar L., parr. J Fish Biol 36:643鈥?58. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb04319.x
  111. Sahashi G, Morita K (2013) Migration costs drive convergence of threshold traits for migratory tactics. Proc R Soc B 280:20132539. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2539
  112. Saunders RL, Henderson EB, Glebe BD (1982) Precocious sexual maturation and smoltification in male Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar). Aquaculture 28:211鈥?29. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90024-2
  113. Schaffer WM (2004) Life histories, evolution, and salmonids. In: Hendry AP, Stearns SC (eds) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, USA, pp 20鈥?1
  114. Schindler DE, Hilborn R, Chasco B, Boatright CP, Quinn TP, Rogers LA, Webster MS (2010) Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species. Nature 465:609鈥?13
  115. Schluter D, Price TD, Rowe L (1991) Conflicting selection pressures and life history trade-offs. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol 246:11鈥?7
  116. Schwanke CJ, Hubert WA (2003) Structure, abundance, and movements of an allacustrine population of rainbow trout in the Naknek River, Southwest Alaska. Northwest Sci 77:340鈥?48
  117. Sharpe CS, Beckman BR, Cooper KA, Hulett PL (2007) Growth modulation during juvenile rearing can reduce rates of residualism in the progeny of wild steelhead broodstock. N Am J Fish Manag 27:1355鈥?368
  118. Shearer KD, Swanson P (2000) The effect of whole body lipid on early sexual maturation of 1+ age male chinook salmon ( / Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture 190:343鈥?67
  119. Shynk JJ (2012) Probability, random variables, and random processes: theory and signal processing applications. Wiley, New York
  120. Sigourney DB, Letcher BH, Cunjak RA (2006) Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr. Trans Am Fish Soc 135:1068鈥?075
  121. Sloat MR, Reeves GH (2014) Individual condition, standard metabolic rate, and rearing temperature influence steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) life histories. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2013-0366
  122. Stanford JA, Lorang MS, Hauer FR (2005) The shifting habitat mosaic of river ecosystems. Verh Int Verein Limnol 29:123鈥?36
  123. Stearns SC (1992) The evolution of life histories. OUP, Oxford
  124. Sutterlin AM, MacLean D (1984) Age at first maturity and the early expression of oocyte recruitment processes in two forms of Atlantic salmon ( / Salmo salar) and their hybrids. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41:1139鈥?149
  125. Taranger GL, Carrillo M, Schulz RW, Fontaine P, Zanuy S, Felip A, Weltzien F-A, Dufour S, Karlsen O, Norberg B, Andersson E, Hansen T (2010) Control of puberty in farmed fish. Gen Comp Endocr 165:483鈥?15
  126. Th茅riault V, Dunlop E, Dieckmann U, Bernatchez L, Dodson JJ (2008) The impact of fishing-induced mortality on the evolution of alternative life-history tactics in brook charr. Evol Appl 1:409鈥?23
  127. Thorpe JE (2007) Maturation responses of salmonids to changing developmental opportunities. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 335:285鈥?88
  128. Thorpe JE, Talbot C, Miles MS, Keay DS (1990) Control of maturation in cultured Atlantic salmon in pumped seawater tanks, by restricting food intake. Aquaculture 86:315鈥?26
  129. Thorpe JE, Mangel M, Metcalfe NB, Huntingford FA (1998) Modelling the proximate basis of salmonid life-history variation, with application to Atlantic salmon, / Salmo salar L. Evol Ecol 12:581鈥?99
  130. Thrower FP, Hard JJ, Joyce JE (2004) Genetic architecture of growth and early life-history transitions in anadromous and derived freshwater populations of steelhead. J Fish Biol 65:286鈥?07
  131. Tipping JM, Byrne JB (1996) Reducing feed levels during the last month of rearing enhances emigration rates of hatchery-reared steelhead smolts. Prog Fish-Cult 58:128鈥?30
  132. Titus RG, Erman DC, Snider WM (2000) History and status of steelhead in California coastal drainages south of San Francisco Bay. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin
  133. Tocher DR (2003) Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish. Rev Fish Sci 11:107鈥?84
  134. Valiente AG, Juanes F, Garcia-Vazquez E (2005) Reproductive strategies explain genetic diversity in Atlantic Salmon, / Salmo salar. Environ Biol Fish 74:323鈥?34. doi:10.1007/s10641-005-1331-8
  135. Waples RS (1991) Pacific salmon, / Oncorhynchus spp., and the definition of 鈥渟pecies鈥?under the Endangered Species Act. Mar Fish Rev 53:11鈥?2
  136. Watters JV, Lema SC, Nevitt GA (2003) Phenotype management: a new approach to habitat restoration. Biol Conserv 112:435鈥?45
  137. Welch DW, Melnychuk MC, Rechisky RW, Jacobs MC, Ladouceur M (2009) Freshwater and marine migration and survival of endangered Cultus Lake sockeye salmon ( / Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts using POST, a large-scale acoustic telemetry array. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 66:736鈥?50
  138. Wood CC, Bickham JW, Nelson J, Foote CJ, Patton JC (2008) Recurrent evolution of life history ecotypes in sockeye salmon: implications for conservation and future evolution. Evol Appl 1:207鈥?21. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00028.x
  139. Young KA (2004) Towards evolutionary management: lessons from salmonids. In: Hendry AP, Stearns SC (eds) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 358鈥?76
  
• 作者单位：Matthew R. Sloat (1)
  Dylan J. Fraser (2)
  Jason B. Dunham (3)
  Jeffrey A. Falke (4)
  Chris E. Jordan (5)
  John R. McMillan (6)
  Haley A. Ohms (7)
  
  1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Management, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
  2. Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
  3. USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
  4. School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences/Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757020, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
  5. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
  6. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
  7. Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
  
• ISSN：1573-5184

文摘

Reproductive tactics and migratory strategies in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines are inextricably linked through the effects of migration (or lack thereof) on age and size at maturity. In this review, we focus on the ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in salmonines, a key process resulting in the diversification of their life histories. We demonstrate that the energetics of maturation and reproduction provides a unifying theme for understanding both the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in reproductive schedules among species, populations, and the sexes. We use probabilistic maturation reaction norms to illustrate how variation in individual condition, in terms of body size, growth rate, and lipid storage, influences the timing of maturation. This useful framework integrates both genetic and environmental contributions to conditional strategies for maturation and, in doing so, demonstrates how flexible life histories can be both heritable and subject to strong environmental influences. We review evidence that the propensity for freshwater maturation in partially anadromous species is predictable across environmental gradients at geographic and local spatial scales. We note that growth is commonly associated with the propensity for freshwater maturation, but that life-history responses to changes in growth caused by temperature may be strikingly different than changes caused by differences in food availability. We conclude by exploring how contemporary management actions can constrain or promote the diversity of maturation phenotypes in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines and caution against underestimating the role of freshwater maturing forms in maintaining the resiliency of these iconic species.