The history of subaquatic volcanism recorded in the sediments of Lake Kivu; East Africa

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• 作者：Kelly Ann Ross ; Martin Schmid ; Sandra Ogorka…
• 关键词：XRF ; $$^{15}\hbox {N}$$ 15 N ; Lake sediment ; Subaquatic volcanism ; Limnic eruption ; High ; resolution seismic
• 刊名：Journal of Paleolimnology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：June 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：54
• 期：1
• 页码：137-152
• 全文大小：2,635 KB
• 参考文献：Aaberg AA (2013) Warming and stratification changes in Lake Kivu, East Africa. Master’s thesis, University of Minnesota
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• 作者单位：Kelly Ann Ross (1) (2)
  Martin Schmid (1)
  Sandra Ogorka (1)
  Fabrice A. Muvundja (1) (3) (4)
  Flavio S. Anselmetti (1) (5)
  
  1. Department of Surface Waters -Research and Management Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
  2. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
  3. Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Hydrobiologie Appliquée (UERHA), Département de Biologie-Chimie Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Bukavu (ISP Bukavu), BP 854, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  4. Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, URBE, Department of Biology, University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium
  5. Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Sedimentology
  Climate Change
  Physical Geography
  Hydrobiology
  Geology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0417

文摘

Subaquatic volcanic activity has been ongoing in Lake Kivu since the early Holocene and has a dynamic effect on the biological productivity in the surface water, and the preservation of carbonate in the deep anoxic water. Groundwater discharge into the lake’s deepwater propels the upward advection of the water column that ultimately supplies nutrients to the surface water for biological production. The amount of nutrients supplied from the deepwater can be increased suddenly by (1) a cold meteorological event that drives deep seasonal mixing resulting in increased nutrients from below and oxygen from above, or (2) subaquatic volcanic activity that induces a buoyant hydrothermal plume, which entrains nutrients from the deepwater and results in anoxia or suboxic conditions in the surface water. Previous sedimentological studies in Lake Kivu have hypothesized that regional climatic changes are responsible for sudden changes in the preservation of carbonates in the Main Basin. Here we reveal that sublacustrine volcanic events most likely induce the abrupt changes to the geochemistry in the sediment in Lake Kivu. An unprecedented look into the sediment stratigraphy and geochemistry from high-resolution seismic-reflection, and \(^{15}\hbox {N}\)-isotope analyses was conducted in the Main Basin. The results reveal that buoyant hydrothermal plumes caused by subaquatic volcanic activity are a possible trigger for increased biological productivity and organic matter preservation, and that ongoing hydrothermal activity increases the alkalinity in the deepwater, leading to carbonate preservation. The onset of carbonate preservation since the 1970s that is currently observed in the sediment could indicate that hydrothermal discharge has recently increased in the lake.