Efficacy of essential oil mouthwash with and without alcohol: a 3-Day plaque accumulation model

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Enrico Marchetti (1)
  Stefano Mummolo (1)
  Jonathan Di Mattia (1)
  Fabio Casalena (1)
  Salvatore Di Martino (1)
  Antonella Mattei (2)
  Giuseppe Marzo (1)
  
• 关键词：Antiplaque agents ; chemical plaque control ; oral hygiene ; essential oils ; alcohol ; mouthwash
• 刊名：Trials
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：December 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 全文大小：353KB
• 参考文献：1. Beals D, Ngo T, Feng Y, Cook D, Grau DG, Weber DA: Development and laboratory evaluation of a new toothbrush with a novel brush head design. / Am J Dent 2000, 13:5A-14A.
  2. Bader HI: Floss or die: implications for dental professionals. / Dent Today 1998, 17:76鈥?8. 80鈥?2
  3. Stewart JE, Wolfe GR: The retention of newly-acquired brushing and flossing skills. / J Clin Periodontol 1989, 16:331鈥?32. CrossRef
  4. Lang NP, Hotz P, Graf H, Geering AH, Saxer UP, Sturzenberger OP, Mecker AH: Effects of supervised chlorhexidine mouthrinses in children. A longitudinal clinical trial. / J Periodontal Res 1982, 17:101鈥?11. CrossRef
  5. DePaola LG, Overholser CD, Meiller TF, Minah GE, Niehaus C: Chemotherapeutic inhibition of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis development. / J Clin Periodontol 1989, 16:311鈥?15. CrossRef
  6. Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, Goldsmith D, Charles CH, Lisante TA, Lynch MC: Effect of an essential oil-containing antimicrobial mouthrinse on specific plaque bacteria in vivo. / J Clin Periodontol 2007, 34:652鈥?57. CrossRef
  7. Paraskevas S: Randomized controlled clinical trials on agents used for chemical plaque control. / Int J Dent Hyg 2005, 3:162鈥?78. CrossRef
  8. Charles CH, Sharma NC, Galustians HJ, Qaqish J, McGuire JA, Vincent JW: Comparative efficacy of an antiseptic mouthrinse and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice. A six-month clinical trial. / J Am Dent Assoc 2001, 132:670鈥?75.
  9. Overholser CD, Meiller TF, DePaola LG, Minah GE, Niehaus C: Comparative effects of 2 chemotherapeu tic mouthrinses on the development of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. / J Clin Periodontol 1990, 17:575鈥?79. CrossRef
  10. Sharma NC, Charles CH, Qaqish JG, Galustians HJ, Zhao Q, Kumar LD: Comparative effectiveness of an essential oil mouthrinse and dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis and plaque. / Am J Dent 2002, 15:351鈥?55.
  11. Sharma N, Charles CH, Lynch MC, Qaqish JG, McGuire JA, Galustians HJ, Kumar LD: Adjunctive benefit of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse in reducing plaque and gingivitis in patients who brush and floss regularly. A six-month study. / J Am Dent Assoc 2004, 135:496鈥?04.
  12. Charles CH, Mostler KM, Bartels LL, Mankodi SM: Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial. / J Clin Periodontol 2004, 31:878鈥?84. CrossRef
  13. Pizzo G, La Cara M, Licata ME, Pizzo I, D'Angelo M: The effects of an essential oil and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse on supragingival plaque regrowth. / J Periodontology 2008, 79:1177鈥?183. CrossRef
  14. Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Holzhausen M, Franco GCN, Rebelo RZ, Sonagere AS, Queiroz CS, Costa FO: Essential oils in one stage full-mouth disinfection: double- blind, randomized clinical trial of long-term clinical, microbial and salivary effects. / J Clin Periodontol 2009, 36:333鈥?42. CrossRef
  15. Fine DH: Mouthrinses as adjuncts for plaque and gingivitis management. A status report for the American Journal of Dentistry. / Am J Dent 1998, 1:259鈥?63.
  16. Kubert D, Rubin M, Barnett ML, Vincent JW: Antiseptic mouthrinse induced microbial cell surface alterations. / Am J Dent 1993, 6:277鈥?79.
  17. Dewhirst FE: Structure activity relationships for inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase by phenolic compounds. / Prostaglandins 1980, 20:209鈥?22. CrossRef
  18. Azuma Y, Ozasa N, Ueda Y, Takagi N: Pharmacological studies on the anti- inflammatory action of phenolic compounds. / J Dent Res 1986, 65:53鈥?6. CrossRef
  19. Pan P, Barnett ML, Coelho J, Brogdon C, Finnegan MB: Determination of the in situ bactericidal activity of an essential oil mouthrinse using a vital stain method. / J Clin Periodontol 2000, 27:256鈥?61. CrossRef
  20. Fine DH, Furgang D, Barnett ML: Comparative antimicrobial activities of antiseptic mouthrinses against isogenic planktonic and biofilm forms of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. / J Clin Periodontol 2001, 28:697鈥?00. CrossRef
  21. Ouhayoun JP: Penetrating the plaque biofilm: impact of essential oil mouthwash. / J Clin Periodont 2003,30(Suppl 5):10鈥?2. CrossRef
  22. Sissons CH, Wong L, Cutress TW: Inhibition by ethanol of the growth of biofilm and dispersed microcosm dental plaques. / Arch Oral Biol 1996, 41:27鈥?4. CrossRef
  23. Marchetti E, Mummulo S, Marzo G, Civisca A, Di Pietro C, Marinelli G: Effect of an essential-oil containing mouthrinse on the reduction of plaque and interproximal inflammation in comparison with an ethanol solution. / Prev Assist Dent 2009,35(4):123鈥?27. CrossRef
  24. Penugonda B, Settembrini L, Scherer W, Hittelmann E, Strassler H: Alcohol-containing mouthwashes: effect on composite hardness. / J Clin Dent 1994, 5:60鈥?2.
  25. Smigel K: High alcohol mouthwashes are under scrutiny. / J Natl Cancer Inst 1991, 83:751. CrossRef
  26. Llewelyn J: Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mouthwashes may increase risk. / BMJ 1994, 308:1508. CrossRef
  27. La Vecchia C: Mouthwash and oral cancer risk: An update. / Oral Oncol 2009, 45:198鈥?00. CrossRef
  28. Turesky S, Gilmore ND, Glickman I: Reduced plaque formation by the chloromethyl analogue of vitamin C. / J Periodontol 1970, 41:41鈥?3.
  29. Paraskevas S, Rosema NA, Versteeg P, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden GA: Chlorine dioxide and chlorhexidine mouthrinses compared in a 3-day plaque accumulation model. / J Periodontol 2008, 79:1395鈥?400. CrossRef
  30. Brecx M, Netuschil L, Reichert B, Schreil G: Efficacy of Listerine, Meridol and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on plaque, gingivitis and bacteria vitality. / J Clin Periodontol 1990, 17:292鈥?97. CrossRef
  31. Brecx M, Brownstone E, MacDonald L, Gelskey S, Cheang M: Efficacy of Listerine, Meridol and chlorhexidine mouthrinses as supplements to regular tooth-cleaning measures. / J Clin Periodontol 1992, 19:202鈥?07. CrossRef
  32. Moran J, Addy M, Newcombe RG, Warren P: The comparative effects on plaque regrowth of phenolic chlorhexidine and anti-adhesive mouthrinses. / J Clin Periodontol 1995, 22:929鈥?34. CrossRef
  33. Moran J, Addy M, Kohut B, Hovliaras CA, Newcombe RG: Efficacy of mouthrinses in inhibiting the development of supragingival plaque over a 4-day period of no oral hygiene. / J Periodontol 1994, 65:904鈥?07.
  34. Rosin M, Welk A, Kocher T, Majic-Todt A, Kramer A, Pitten FA: The effect of a polyhexamethylene biguanide mouthrinse compared to an essential oil rinse and a chlorhexidine rinse on bacterial counts and 4-day plaque regrowth. / J Clin Periodontol 2002, 29:392鈥?99. CrossRef
  35. Riep BG, Bernimoulin JP, Barnett ML: Comparative antiplaque effectiveness of an essential oil and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse. / J Clin Periodontol 1999, 26:164鈥?68. CrossRef
  36. Gordon JM, Lamster IB, Geiger MC: Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis. / J Clin Periodontol 1985, 12:697鈥?04. CrossRef
  37. Barnett ML: The role of therapeutic antimicrobial mouthrinses in clinical practice. Control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis. / J Am Dent Assoc 2003, 134:699鈥?04.
  38. Van Leeuwen MP, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA: Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. / J Periodontology 2011, 82:174鈥?94. CrossRef
  39. Squier CA, Cox P, Hall BK: Enhanced penetration of nitroso-nornicotine across oral mucosa in the presence of ethanol. / J Oral Pathol 1986, 15:276鈥?79. CrossRef
  40. Howie NM, Trigkas TK, Cruchley AT, Wertz PW, Squier CA, Williams DM: Short-term exposure to alcohol increases the permeability of human oral mucosa. / Oral Dis 2001, 7:349鈥?54. CrossRef
  41. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: Re-evaluation of some organic chemicals, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. IARC Monografh on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. / Volume 71. Lyon: IARC; 1999:1鈥?15.
  42. Elmore JG, Horwitz RI: Oral cancer and mouthwash use: Evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence. / Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995, 113:253鈥?61. CrossRef
  43. Lemos-J煤nior CA, Villoria GEM: Reviewed evidence about the safety of the daily use of alcohol-based mouthrinses. / Braz Oral Res 2008,22(Suppl):24S-31S. CrossRef
  44. Werner CW, Seymour RA: Are alcohol containing mouthwashes safe? / Br Dent J 2009, 28:207. E19
  45. McCullough MJ, Farah CS: The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol-containing mouthwashes. / Aust Dent J 2008, 53:302鈥?05. CrossRef
  46. Simonsson T: Aspects of dental plaque formation with special reference to colloid-chemical phenomena. / Swed Dent J Suppl 1989, 58:1鈥?7.
  47. Zee KY, Samaranayake LP, Attstrom R: Scanning electron microscopy of microbial colonization of 'rapid' and 'slow' dental-plaque formers in vivo. / Arch Oral Biol 1997, 42:735鈥?42. CrossRef
  48. Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Novotny AGA, Rosema NAM, Verkerk AAJ: Three different rinsing times and inhibition of plaque accumulation with chlorhexidine. / J Clin Periodontol 2005, 32:89鈥?2. CrossRef
  49. Van Strydonck DAC, Timmerman MF, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA: Plaque inhibition of two commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses. / J Clin Periodontol 2005, 32:305鈥?09. CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Enrico Marchetti (1)
  Stefano Mummolo (1)
  Jonathan Di Mattia (1)
  Fabio Casalena (1)
  Salvatore Di Martino (1)
  Antonella Mattei (2)
  Giuseppe Marzo (1)
  
  1. Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of L鈥橝quila, P.le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L鈥橝quila, Italy
  2. Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L鈥橝quila, P.le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100, L鈥橝quila, Italy
  

文摘

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque effect of a new alcohol free essential oil mouthwash with respect to a control of an essential oil with alcohol mouthwash, using an in vivo plaque regrowth model of 3-days. Methods The study was designed as a double-masked, randomized, crossover clinical trial, involving 30 volunteers to compare two different essential oil containing mouthwashes, during a 3-day plaque accumulation model. After receiving a thorough professional prophylaxis at the baseline, over the next 3-days each volunteer refrained from all oral hygiene measures and had two daily rinses with 20 ml of the test mouthwash (alcohol free essential oil) or the control mouthwash (essential oil with alcohol). At the end of the each experimental period, plaque was assessed and the panelists filled out a questionnaire. Each subject underwent a 14 days washout period and there was a second allocation. Results The essential oil mouthwash with ethanol shows a better inhibitory effect of plaque regrowth in 3-days than the mouthwash test with only essential oil in the whole mouth (plaque index = 2.18 against 2.46, respectively, p < 0.05); for the lower jaw (plaque index = 2.28 against 2.57, respectively, p < 0.05); for the upper jaw (plaque index = 2.08 against 2.35, respectively, p < 0.05); for the incisors (plaque index = 1.93 against 2.27, respectively, p < 0.05); and the canines (plaque index = 1.99 against 2.47, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion The essential oil containing mouthwash without alcohol seems to have a less inhibiting effect on the plaque regrowth than the traditional alcoholic solution. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411618