Surgical management of locally advanced lung cancer

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Kohei Yokoi ; Tetsuo Taniguchi…
• 关键词：Lung cancer ; Locally advanced disease ; Surgical treatment ; Combined resection
• 刊名：General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：September 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：62
• 期：9
• 页码：522-530
• 全文大小：214 KB
• 参考文献：1. Alberg AJ, Ford JG, Samet JM. American College of Chest Physicians. Epidemiology of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest. 2007;132(3 Suppl):29S-5S. CrossRef
  2. Sawabata N, Fujii Y, Asamura H, Nomori H, Nakanishi Y, Eguchi K, et al. Lung cancer in Japan: analysis of lung cancer registry cases resected in 2004. Jpn J Lung Cancer. 2010;50:875-8 (Japanese). CrossRef
  3. Sobin LHG, Wittekind C, editors. International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification of malignant tumors. 7th ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2009.
  4. Coleman FP. Primary carcinoma of the lung, with invasion of the ribs: pneumonectomy and simultaneous block resection of the chest wall. Ann Surg. 1947;126:156-8. CrossRef
  5. Downey RJ, Martini N, Rusch VW, Bains MS, Korst RJ, Ginsberg RJ. Extent of chest wall invasion and survival in patients with lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:188-3. CrossRef
  6. Magdeleinat P, Alifano M, Benbrahem C, Spaggiari L, Porrello C, Puyo P, et al. Surgical treatment of lung cancer invading the chest wall: results and prognostic factors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:1094-. CrossRef
  7. Doddoli C, D’Journo B, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Dujon A, Foucault C, Thomas P, et al. Lung cancer invading the chest wall: a plea for en-bloc resection but the need for new treatment strategies. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:2032-0. CrossRef
  8. Kawaguchi K, Miyaoka E, Asamura H, Nomori H, Okumura M, Fujii Y, et al. Modern surgical results of lung cancer involving neighboring structures: a retrospective analysis of 531 pT3 cases in a Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144:431-. CrossRef
  9. Facciolo F, Cardillo G, Lopergolo M, Pallone G, Sera F, Mertelli M. Chest wall invasion in non-small cell lung carcinoma: a rationale for en bloc resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121:649-6. CrossRef
  10. Burkhart HM, Allen MS, Nichols FC III, Deschamps C, Miller DL, Trastek VF, et al. Results of en bloc resection for bronchogenic carcinoma with chest wall invasion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:670-. CrossRef
  11. Kawaguchi K, Mori S, Usami N, Fukui T, Mitsudomi T, Yokoi K. Preoperative evaluation of the depth of chest wall invasion and the extent of combined resections in lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer. 2009;64:41-. CrossRef
  12. Weyant MJ, Bains MS, Venkatraman E, Downey RJ, Park BJ, Flores RM, et al. Results of chest wall resection and reconstruction with and without rigid prosthesis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:279-5. CrossRef
  13. Kawaguchi K, Yokoi K, Niwa H, Ohde Y, Mori S, Okumura S, et al. Trimodality therapy for lung cancer with chest wall invasion: initial results of a phase II study. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 (in press).
  14. Pancoast HK. Importance of careful roentgen-ray investigations of apical chest tumors. JAMA. 1924;83:1407-1. CrossRef
  15. Chardack WM, Maccallum JD. Pancoast tumor; five-year survival without recurrence or metastases following radical resection and postoperative irradiation. J Thorac Surg. 1956;31:535-2.
  16. Shaw RR, Paulson DL, Kee JL. Treatment of superior sulcus tumor by irradiation followed by resection. Ann Surg. 1961;154:29-0. CrossRef
  17. Kwong KF, Edelman MJ, Suntharalingam M, Cooper LB, Gamliel Z, Burrows W, et al. High-dose radiotherapy in trimodality treatment of Pancoast tumors results in high pathologic complete response rates and excellent long-term survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:1250-. CrossRef
  18. Rusch VW, Giroux DJ, Kraut MJ, Crowley J, Hazuka M, Winton T, et al. Induction chemoradiation and surgical resection for superior sulcus non-small-cell lung carcinomas: long-term results of Southwest Oncology Group Trial 9416 (Intergroup Trial 0160). J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:313-. CrossRef
  19. Kunitoh H, Kato H, Tsuboi M, Shibata T, Asamura H, Ichinose Y, et al. Phase II trial of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection in patients with superior sulcus non-small-cell lung cancers: report of Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial 9806. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:644-. CrossRef
  20. Kappers I, Klomp HM, Koolen MG, Uitterhoeve LJ, Kloek JJ, Belderbos JS, et al. Concurrent high-dose radiotherapy with low-dose chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer of the superior sulcus. Radiother Oncol. 2011;101:278-3. CrossRef
  21. Dartevelle PG, Chapelier AR, Macchiarini P, Lenot B, Cerrina J, Ladurie FL, et al. Anterior transcervical-thoracic approach for radical resection of lung tumors invading the thoracic inlet. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993;105:1025-4.
  22. Masaoka A, Ito Y, Yasumitsu T. Anterior approach for tumor of the superior sulcus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1979;78:413-.
  23. Niwa H, Masaoka A, Yamakawa Y, Fukai I, Kiriyama M. Surgical therapy for apical invasive lung cancer: different approaches according to tumor location. Lung Cancer. 1993;10:63-1. CrossRef
  24. Grunenwald D, Spaggiari L. Transmanubrial osteomuscular sparing approach for apical chest tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;63:563-. CrossRef
  25. Korst RJ, Burt ME. Cervicothoracic tumors: results of resection by the “hemi-clamshell-approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115:286-5. CrossRef
  26. de Perrot M, Rampersaud R. Surgical approaches to apical thoracic malignancies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144:72-0. CrossRef
  27. Sakakura N, Mori S, Ishiguro F, Fukui T, Hatooka S, Shimada M, et al. Subcategorization of resectable non-small cell lung cancer involving neighboring structures. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:1076-3. CrossRef
  28. Riquet M, Grand B, Arame A, Pricopi CF, Foucault C, Dujon A, et al. Lung cancer invading the pericardium: quantum of lymph nodes. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;90:1773-. CrossRef
  29. Rocco G, Rendina EA, Meroni A, Venuta F, Pona CD, Giacomo TD, et al. Prognostic factors after surgical treatment of lung cancer invading the diaphragm. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:2065-. CrossRef
  30. Yokoi K, Tsuchiya R, Mori T, Nagai K, Furukawa T, Fujimura S, et al. Results of surgical treatment of lung cancer involving the diaphragm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:799-05. CrossRef
  31. Deslauriers J, Grégoire J, Jacques LF, Piraux M, Guojin L, Lacasse Y. Sleeve lobectomy versus pneumonectomy for lung cancer: a comparative analysis of survival and sites or recurrences. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:1152-. CrossRef
  32. Rendina EA, De Giacomo T, Venuta F, Ciccone AM, Coloni GF. Lung conservation techniques: bronchial sleeve resection and reconstruction of the pulmonary artery. Semin Surg Oncol. 2000;18:165-2. CrossRef
  33. Okada M, Yamagishi H, Satake S, Matsuoka H, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimura M, et al. Survival related to lymph node involvement in lung cancer after sleeve lobectomy compared with pneumonectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:814-. CrossRef
  34. Riquet M, Lang-Lazdunski L, Le PB, Dujon A, Souilamas R, Danel C, et al. Characteristics and prognosis of resected T3 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:253-. CrossRef
  35. Mitchell JD, Mathisen DJ, Wright CD, Wain JC, Donahue DM, Allan JS, et al. Resection for bronchogenic carcinoma involving the carina: long-term results and effect of nodal status on outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121:465-1. CrossRef
  36. Regnard JF, Perrotin C, Giovannetti R, Schussler O, Petino A, Spaggiari L, et al. Resection for tumors with carinal involvement: technical aspects, results, and prognostic factors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:1841-. CrossRef
  37. de Perrot M, Fadel E, Mercier O, Mussot S, Chapelier A, Dartevelle P. Long-term results after carinal resection for carcinoma: does the benefit warrant the risk? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:81-. CrossRef
  38. Y?ld?zeli B, Dartevelle PG, Fadel E, Mussot S, Chapelier A. Results of primary surgery with T4 non-small cell lung cancer during a 25-year period in a single center: the benefit is worth the risk. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:1065-5. CrossRef
  39. Eichhorn F, Storz K, Hoffmann H, Muley T, Dienemann H. Sleeve pneumonectomy for central non-small cell lung cancer: indications, complications, and survival. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96:253-. CrossRef
  40. Dartevelle P, Macchiiarini P. Carcinal resection for bronchogenic cancer. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;8:414-5.
  41. Mitchell JD, Mathisen DJ, Wright CD, Wain JC, Donahue DM, Moncure AC, et al. Clinical experience with carinal resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117:39-3. CrossRef
  42. Tsuchiya R, Asamura H, Kondo H, Goya T, Naruke T. Extended resection of the left atrium, great vessels, or both for lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;57:960-. CrossRef
  43. Ratto GB, Costa R, Vassallo G, Alloisio A, Maineri P, Bruzzi P. Twelve-year experience with left atrial resection in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:234-. CrossRef
  44. Spaggiari L, D’Aiuto M, Veronesi G, Pelosi G, de Pas T, Catalano G, et al. Extended pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium, without cardiopulmonary bypass, for lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:234-0. CrossRef
  45. Kuehnl A, Lindner M, Hornung HM, Winter H, Jauch KW, Hatz RA, et al. Atrial resection for lung cancer: morbidity, mortality, and long-term follow-up. World J Surg. 2010;34:2233-. CrossRef
  46. Stella F, Dell’Amore A, Caroli G, Dolci G, Cassanelli N, Luciano G, et al. Surgical results and long-term follow-up of T(4)-non-small cell lung cancer invading the left atrium or the intrapericardial base of the pulmonary veins. Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg. 2012;14:415-. CrossRef
  47. Burt ME, Pomerantz AH, Bains MS, McCormack PM, Kaiser LR, Hilaris BS, et al. Results of surgical treatment of stage III lung cancer invading the mediastinum. Surg Clin N Am. 1987;67:987-000.
  48. Shargall Y, de Perrot M, Keshavjee S, Darling G, Ginsberg R, Johnston M, et al. 15?years single center experience with surgical resection of the superior vena cava for non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2004;45:357-3. CrossRef
  49. Suzuki K, Asamura H, Watanabe S, Tsuchiya R. Combined resection of superior vena cava for lung carcinoma: prognostic significance of patterns of superior vena cava invasion. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:1184-. CrossRef
  50. Spaggiari L, Leo F, Veronesi G, Solli P, Galetta D, Tatani B, et al. Superior vena cava resection for lung and mediastinal malignancies: a single-center experience with 70 cases. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:223-. CrossRef
  51. Kozower BD, Larner JM, Detterbeck FC, Jones DR. Special treatment issues in non-small cell lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2013;143:e369S-9S. CrossRef
  52. Ohta M, Hirabayasi H, Shiono H, Minami M, Maeda H, Takano H, et al. Surgical resection for lung cancer with infiltration of the thoracic aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:804-. CrossRef
  53. Shiraishi T, Shirakusa T, Miyoshi T, Yamamoto S, Hiratsuka M, Iwasaki A, et al. Extended resection of T4 lung cancer with invasion of the aorta: is it justified? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;53:375-. CrossRef
  54. Misthos P, Papagiannakis G, Kokotsakis J, Lazopoulos G, Skouteli E, Lioulias A. Surgical management of lung cancer invading the aorta or the superior vena cava. Lung Cancer. 2007;56:223-. CrossRef
  55. Wex P, Graeter T, Zaraca F, Haas V, Decker S, Bugdayev H, et al. Surgical resection and survival of patients with unsuspected single node positive lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the descending aorta. Thorac Surg Sci. 2009;6:Doc02.
  56. Collaud S, Waddell TK, Yasufuku K, Oreopoulos G, Rampersaud R, Rubin B, et al. Thoracic aortic endografting facilitates the resection of tumors infiltrating the aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147:1178-2. CrossRef
  57. Nagata T, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto H, Sato M. A fenestrated stent graft for surgical resection of lung cancer invading the aortic arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;146:238-. CrossRef
  58. Grunenwald DH, Mazel C, Girard P, Veronesi G, Spaggiari L, Gossot D, et al. Radical en bloc resection for lung cancer invading the spine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:271-. CrossRef
  59. Schirren J, Donges T, Melzer M, Schonmayr R, Eberlein M, Bolukbas S. En bloc resection of non-small-cell lung cancer invading the spine. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:647-5.
  60. Fadel E, Missenard G, Court C, Mercier O, Mussot S, Fabre D, et al. Long-term outcomes of en bloc resection of non-small cell lung cancer invading the thoracic inlet and spine. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;92:1024-0. CrossRef
  61. Collaud S, Waddell TK, Yasufuku K, Pierre AF, Darling GE, Cypel M, et al. Long-term outcome after en bloc resection of non-small-cell lung cancer invading the pulmonary sulcus and spine. J Thorac Oncol. 2013;8:1538-4. CrossRef
  62. Bolton WD, Rice DC, Goodyear A, Correa AM, Erasmus J, Hofstetter W, et al. Superior sulcus tumors with vertebral body involvement: a multimodality approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137:1379-7. CrossRef
  63. Grunenwald D, Mazel C, Girard P, Berthiot G, Dromer C, Baldeyrou P. Total vertebrectomy for en bloc resection of lung cancer invading the spine. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:723-. CrossRef
  64. Anraku M, Waddell TK, de Perrot M, Lewis SJ, Pierre AF, Darling GE, et al. Induction chemoradiotherapy facilitates radical resection of T4 non-small cell lung cancer invading the spine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137:441-. CrossRef
  65. Sugiura S, Ando Y, Minami H, Ando M, Sakai S, Shimokata K. Prognostic value of pleural effusion in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1997;3:47-0.
  66. Ichinose Y, Tsuchiya R, Koike T, Kuwahara O, Nakagawa K, Yamato Y, et al. Prognosis of resected non-small cell lung cancer patients with carcinomatous pleuritis of minimal disease. Lung Cancer. 2001;32:55-0. CrossRef
  67. Mordant P, Arame A, Foucault C, Dujon A, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Riquet M. Surgery for metastatic pleural extension of non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:1444-
  68. Okamoto T, Iwata T, Mizobuchi T, Hoshino H, Moriya Y, Yoshida S, et al. Pulmonary resection for lung cancer with malignant pleural disease first detected at thoracotomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;41:25-0. CrossRef
  69. Yokoi K, Matsuguma H, Anraku M. Extrapleural pneumonectomy for lung cancer with carcinomatous pleuritis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:184-. CrossRef
  70. Yokoi K, Matsuguma H. Surgical treatment of lung cancer with carcinomatous pleuritis. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 2013;114:196-00 (Japanese).
  71. Kimura M, Murakami H, Naito T, Kenmotsu H, Taira T, Akamatsu H, et al. Outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural dissemination detected during surgery. Mol Clin Oncol. 2013;1:949-2.
  
• 作者单位：Kohei Yokoi (1)
  Tetsuo Taniguchi (1)
  Noriyasu Usami (1)
  Koji Kawaguchi (1)
  Takayuki Fukui (1)
  Futoshi Ishiguro (1)
  
  1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
  
• ISSN：1863-6713

文摘

Majority of cases of lung cancer are detected at an advanced stage; such patients are usually treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the prognosis is frequently poor. Surgical resection remains the only reliable curative method for the treatment of lung cancer, and combined resection of the primary tumor and involved neighboring structures is performed when possible in patients with locally advanced disease. In the TNM classification, tumors with direct extrapulmonary extension are subdivided based on the anatomic extent of disease and its potential for surgical treatment: T3 lesions with limited, circumscribed extension are thought to be potentially surgically resectable, whereas T4 tumors with extensive extension are considered unresectable. Although surgical treatment for T3 lesions is generally accepted, the outcome is frequently not satisfactory. On the other hand, advanced surgical techniques are now being applied for T4 lesions due to improvements in surgery and anesthesiology and progress in combined treatment modalities. In the present staging, T4N0-M0 lesions are categorized as stage IIIA disease, and T4 tumors without mediastinal nodal metastasis are now considered to be potentially curable if complete resection is possible. This article reviews the modern surgical management of patients with lung cancer invading neighboring structures, including the chest wall, superior sulcus, diaphragm, tracheal carina, left atrium, superior vena cava, aorta and vertebrae. Furthermore, the surgical treatment of carcinomatous pleuritis, which was categorized as T4 disease in the previous TNM classification, is also assessed, and the role of surgical resection in cases of locally advanced lung cancer is discussed.