Delayed onset of seizures and toxicity associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY

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• 作者：David M. Wood MD ; MRCP(UK) (1)
  Jemma J. Looker BSc ; MB BS (3)
  Loua Shaikh BSc ; MB ChB (3)
  Jenny Button DipFMS (4)
  Malgorzata Puchnarewicz MPharm (4)
  Susannah Davies BSc ; MSc (4)
  Satnam Lidder MD (1)
  John Ramsey (5)
  David W. Holt PhD ; DSc (4)
  Paul I. Dargan FRCPE (1)
  
• 关键词：bromo ; dragonFLY ; recreational drugs ; toxicological screening ; ketamine
• 刊名：Journal of Medical Toxicology
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：December 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：5
• 期：4
• 页码：226-229
• 全文大小：83KB
• 参考文献：1. Wood DM, Button J, Lidder S, et al. Dissociative and sympathomimetic toxicity associated with recreational use of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP). / J Mex Toxicol. 2008; 4:254-57. CrossRef
  2. Dargan PI, Button J, Hawkins L, et al. Detection of the pharmaceutical agent glaucine as a recreational drug. / Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 64:553-54. CrossRef
  3. Ovaska H, Viljoen A, Puchnarewicz M, et al. First case report of recreational use of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine (DOC) confirmed by toxicological screening. / Eur J Emerg Med. 2008; 15:354-56. CrossRef
  4. Lidder S, Dargan PI, Sexton M, et al. Cardiovascular toxicity associated with recreational use of diphenylprolinol (diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethano (D2PM)). / J Med Toxicol. 2008; 4:167-69. CrossRef
  5. Wood DM, Dargan PI, Button J, et al. Collapse, reported seizure—and an unexpected pill. / Lancet. 2007; 369:1490. CrossRef
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  11. Drugs-Forum research chemicals discussion forum [webpage on the Internet]. bromo-Dragonfly (Br-DFLY) trip reports [updated 2007 May 23; cited 2009 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.drugs-forum.co.uk/forum/showthread.php? t=41032
  12. Drugs-Forum research chemicals discussion forum [webpage on the Internet]. Bromo-dragonfly [updated 2008 May 30; cited 2009 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=30050&highlight=bromodragonfly
  13. Ricaurte GA, McCann UD. Recognition and management of complications of new recreational drug use. / Lancet. 2005; 365:2137-145. CrossRef
  14. Pomarol-Clotet E, Honey GD, Murray GK, et al. Psychological effects of ketamine in healthy volunteers. Phenomenological study. / Br J Psychiatry. 2006; 189:173-79. CrossRef
  15. Peronne M, Hultén P. Bromo-dragonfly, a life-threatening designer drug. / Clin Toxicol. 2008; 46:379-80.
  16. Andreasen MF, Telving R, Birkler R, et al. A fatal poisoning involving Bromo-Dragonfly. / Ann Toxicol Anal. 2008; 20(S1):1-5.
  
• 作者单位：David M. Wood MD, MRCP(UK) (1)
  Jemma J. Looker BSc, MB BS (3)
  Loua Shaikh BSc, MB ChB (3)
  Jenny Button DipFMS (4)
  Malgorzata Puchnarewicz MPharm (4)
  Susannah Davies BSc, MSc (4)
  Satnam Lidder MD (1)
  John Ramsey (5)
  David W. Holt PhD, DSc (4)
  Paul I. Dargan FRCPE (1)
  
  1. Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St. Thomas-NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
  3. Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthetics, Frimley Park NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
  4. Analytical Unit, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
  5. TICTAC Communications Ltd, St. George’s, University of London, London, UK
  
• ISSN：1937-6995

文摘

Introduction Many countries have specific legislation, such as the Controlled Substances Act (1970) in the United States and the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) in the United Kingdom to control recreational drugs. There is a growing market and supply of “novel-recreational drugs, which include the misuse of pharmaceutical compounds and research chemicals. These are often not covered under current legislation, despite the fact that they often have both similar chemical structures and/or clinical effects to controlled recreational drugs. Case Report A male patient presented to an emergency department with delayed of severe agitation, hallucinations, and tonic-clonic seizures following the use of Bromo-dragonFLY and an unknown white powder. He settled following IV benzodiazepines and supportive care, and was discharged with no evidence to long-term sequelae: Analysis of the white powder by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry (UV/VIS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed the presence of Bromo-dragonFLY (1-(8-bromobenzol[1,2-b;4,5-b’]difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane); serum analysis by GC/MS and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)_confirmed that a combination of Bromo-dragonFLY (0.95 ng/mL). ketamine (20 ng/mL) and canabis had been used by the patient. No other recreational drugs were detected in an extensive toxicological screen of serum and urine samples. Discussion This is the first confirmed case to be reported of toxicity with delayed onset of severe agitation, hallucinations and tonic-clonic seizures associated with recreational use of Bromo-dragonFLY (1-(8-bromobenzol[1,2-b;4,5-b’]difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane) in combination with ketamine and cannabis. In our view, this case provides further support for the need for a systematic approach to toxicological screening of patients with recreational drug toxicity, to identify emerging drugs and provide evidence for legislative authorities to assist in revising the legal status of emerging recreational drugs.