Crop and soil nitrogen responses to phosphorus and potassium fertilization and drip irrigation under processing tomato

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• 作者：K. Liu (1)
  T. Q. Zhang (2) Tiequan.zhang@agr.gc.ca
  C. S. Tan (2)
  T. Astatkie (3)
  G. W. Price (3)
• 关键词：Nitrogen balance &#8211 ; Nitrogen harvest index &#8211 ; Nitrogen uptake &#8211 ; Soil profile nitrogen &#8211 ; Drip irrigation
• 刊名：Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：June 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：93
• 期：2
• 页码：151-162
• 全文大小：266.4 KB
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• 作者单位：1. Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada2. Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20 E., Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada3. Department of Engineering, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
• ISSN：1573-0867

文摘

Shortage of water or nutrient supplies can restrict the high nitrogen (N) demand of processing tomato, leaving high residual soil N resulting in negative environmental impacts. A 4-year field experiment, 2006–2009, was conducted to study the effects of water management consisting of drip irrigation (DI) and non-irrigation (NI), fertilizer phosphorus (P) rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P ha−1), and fertilizer potassium (K) rates (0, 200, 400, and 600 kg K ha−1) on soil and plant N when a recommended N rate of 270 kg N ha−1 was applied. Compared with the NI treatment, DI increased fruit N removal by 101 %, plant total N uptake by 26 %, and N harvest index by 55 %. Consequently, DI decreased apparent field N balance (fertiliser N input minus plant total N uptake) by 28 % and cumulative post-harvest soil N in the 0–100 cm depth by 33 %. Post-harvest soil N concentration was not affected by water management in the 0–20 cm depth, but was significantly higher in the NI treatment in the 20–100 cm depth. Fertilizer P input had no effects on all variables except for decreasing N concentration in the stems and leaves. Fertilizer K rates significantly affected plant N utilization, with highest fruit N removal and plant total N uptake at the 200 kg K ha−1 treatment; therefore, supplementing K had the potential to decrease gross N losses during tomato growing seasons. Based on the measured apparent field N balance and spatial distribution of soil N, gross N losses during the growing season were more severe than expected in a region that is highly susceptible to post-harvest soil N losses.