Passive sampling of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor and outdoor air in Shanghai, China: seasonal variations, sources, and inhalation exposure

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Wenliang Han ; Tao Fan ; Binhua Xu…
• 关键词：Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ; Passive air sampling ; Indoor air ; Outdoor air ; Shanghai
• 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：23
• 期：6
• 页码：5771-5781
• 全文大小：587 KB
• 参考文献：Abbasi G, Buser AM, Soehl A, Murray MW, Diamond ML (2015) Stocks and flows of PBDEs in products from use to waste in the US and Canada from 1970 to 2020. Environ Sci Technol 49(3):1521–1528CrossRef
  Babbitt CW, Williams E, Kahhat R (2011) Institutional disposition and management of end-of-life electronics. Environ Sci Technol 45(12):5366–5372CrossRef
  Barro R, Regueiro J, Llompart M, Garcia-Jares C (2009) Analysis of industrial contaminants in indoor air: Part 1. Volatile organic compounds, carbonyl compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Chromatogr A 1216(3):540–566CrossRef
  Bennett DH, Moran RE, Wu XM, Tulve NS, Clifton MS, Colon M, Weathers W, Sjodin A, Jones R, Hertz-Picciotto I (2015) Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations and resulting exposure in homes in California: relationships among passive air, surface wipe and dust concentrations, and temporal variability. Indoor Air 25(2):220–9CrossRef
  Besis A, Samara C (2012) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the indoor and outdoor environments—a review on occurrence and human exposure. Environ Pollut 169:217–229CrossRef
  Betts K (2006) PBDEs and PCBs in computers, cars, and homes. Environ Sci Technol 40(24):7452–7452CrossRef
  Bi XH, Thomas GO, Jones KC, Qu WY, Sheng GY, Martin FL, Fu JM (2007) Exposure of electronics dismantling workers to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in South China. Environ Sci Technol 41(16):5647–5653CrossRef
  Bohlin P, Jones KC, Strandberg B (2007) Occupational and indoor air exposure to persistent organic pollutants: a review of passive sampling techniques and needs. J Environ Monit 9(6):501–509
  Bohlin P, Jones KC, Tovalin H, Strandberg B (2008) Observations on persistent organic pollutants in indoor and outdoor air using passive polyurethane foam samplers. Atmos Environ 42(31):7234–7241CrossRef
  Bohlin P, Audy O, Skrdlikova L, Kukucka P, Pribylova P, Prokes R, Vojta S, Klanova J (2014a) Outdoor passive air monitoring of semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs): a critical evaluation of performance and limitations of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks. Environ Sci Processe Impacts 16(3):433–444CrossRef
  Bohlin P, Audy O, Skrdlikova L, Kukucka P, Vojta S, Pribylova P, Prokes R, Cupr P, Klanova J (2014b) Evaluation and guidelines for using polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air samplers in double-dome chambers to assess semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in non-industrial indoor environments. Environ Sci Processe Impacts 16(11):2617–2626CrossRef
  Chen LG, Mai BX, Bi XH, Chen SJ, Wang XM, Ran Y, Luo XJ, Sheng GY, Fu JM, Zeng EY (2006) Concentration levels, compositional profiles, and gas-particle partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the atmosphere of an urban city in South China. Environ Sci Technol 40(4):1190–1196CrossRef
  Chen LG, Mai BX, Xu ZC, Peng XC, Han JL, Ran Y, Sheng GY, Fu JM (2008) In- and outdoor sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their human inhalation exposure in Guangzhou, China. Atmos Environ 42(1):78–86CrossRef
  Currado GM, Harrad S (1998) Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in indoor and outdoor air and the potential significance of inhalation as a human exposure pathway. Environ Sci Technol 32(20):3043–3047CrossRef
  Dodson RE, Camann DE, Morello-Frosch R, Brody JG, Rudel RA (2015) Semivolatile organic compounds in homes: Strategies for efficient and systematic exposure measurement based on empirical and theoretical factors. Environ Sci Technol 49(1):113–122CrossRef
  Domingo JL (2012) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in food and human dietary exposure: A review of the recent scientific literature. Food Chem Toxicol 50(2):238–249CrossRef
  Garcia-Jares C, Regueiro J, Barro R, Dagnac T, Llompart M (2009) Analysis of industrial contaminants in indoor air. Part 2. Emergent contaminants and pesticides. J Chromatogr A 1216(3):567–597CrossRef
  Gevao B, Al-Bahloul M, Al-Ghadban AN, Ali L, Al-Omair A, Helaleh M, Al-Matrouk K, Zafar J (2006) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air in Kuwait: implications for human exposure. Atmos Environ 40(8):1419–1426
  Guo J, Lin KF, Deng JJ, Fu XX, Xu ZM (2015) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air during waste TV recycling process. J Hazard Mater 283:439–446CrossRef
  Harner T, Su K, Genualdi S, Karpowicz J, Ahrens L, Mihele C, Schuster J, Charland JP, Narayan J (2013) Calibration and application of PUF disk passive air samplers for tracking polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Atmos Environ 75:123–128CrossRef
  Harner T, Mitrovic M, Ahrens L, Schuster J (2014) Characterization of PUF disk passive air samplers for new priority chemicals: a review. Organohalogen Compd 76:442–445
  Harrad S, Abdallah MAE (2008) Calibration of two passive air sampler configurations for monitoring concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes in indoor air. J Environ Monit 10(4):527–531CrossRef
  Harrad S, Hunter S (2006) Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in air and soil on a rural–urban transect across a major UK conurbation. Environ Sci Technol 40(15):4548–4553CrossRef
  Harrad S, Hazrati S, Ibarra C (2006) Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, United Kingdom: implications for human exposure. Environ Sci Technol 40(15):4633–4638
  Hazrati S, Harrad S (2006) Causes of variability in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air. Environ Sci Technol 40(24):7584–7589CrossRef
  Hazrati S, Harrad S (2007) Calibration of polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers for quantitative measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): Factors influencing sampling rates. Chemosphere 67(3):448–455CrossRef
  Hearn LK, Kennedy K, Hawker DW, Toms LML, Alberts V, Mueller JF (2012) Spatial mapping of city-wide PBDE levels using an exponential decay model. J Environ Monit 14(2):643–650CrossRef
  Krol S, Zabiegala B, Namiesnik J (2011) Monitoring and analytics of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor air. Anal Bioanal Chem 400(6):1751–1769CrossRef
  La Guardia MJ, Hale RC, Harvey E (2006) Detailed polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener composition of the widely used penta-, octa-, and deca-PBDE technical flame-retardant mixtures. Environ Sci Technol 40(20):6247–6254CrossRef
  Lai YQ, Lu MH, Gao X, Wu HZ, Cai ZW (2011) New evidence for toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: DNA adduct formation from quinone Metabolites. Environ Sci Technol 45(24):10720–10727CrossRef
  Law RJ, Covaci A, Harrad S, Herzke D, Abdallah MAE, Fernie K, Toms L-ML, Takigami H (2014) Levels and trends of PBDEs and HBCDs in the global environment: status at the end of 2012. Environ Int 65:147–58CrossRef
  Li CL, Zhao ZH, Lei BL, An J, Zhang XY, Yu YX (2015) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the air and comparison of the daily intake and uptake through inhalation by Shanghai residents with those through other matrices and routes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(3):1750–1759CrossRef
  Linares V, Belles M, Domingo JL (2015) Human exposure to PBDE and critical evaluation of health hazards. Arch Toxicol 89(3):335–356CrossRef
  Lohmann R, Klanova J, Kukucka P, Yonis S, Bollinger K (2013) Concentrations, Fluxes, and Residence Time of PBDEs Across the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 47(24):13967–13975CrossRef
  Markovic MZ, Prokop S, Staebler RM, Liggio J, Harner T (2015) Evaluation of the particle infiltration efficiency of three passive samplers and the PS-1 active air sampler. Atmos Environ. doi:10.​1016/​j.​atmosenv.​2015.​04.​051
  Melymuk L, Robson M, Helm PA, Diamond ML (2012) PCBs, PBDEs, and PAHs in Toronto air: spatial and seasonal trends and implications for contaminant transport. Sci Total Environ 429:272–280
  Melymuk L, Robson M, Csiszar SA, Helm PA, Kaltenecker G, Backus S, Bradley L, Gilbert B, Blanchard P, Jantunen L, Diamond ML (2014) From the City to the Lake: loadings of PCBs, PBDEs, PAHs and PCMs from Toronto to Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 48(7):3732–41
  Meng XZ, Zeng EY, Yu LP, Guo Y, Mai BX (2007) Assessment of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in China via fish consumption and inhalation. Environ Sci Technol 41(14):4882–4887CrossRef
  Pozo K, Harner T, Lee SC, Wania F, Muir DCG, Jones KC (2009) Seasonally resolved concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the global atmosphere from the first year of the GAPS study. Environ Sci Technol 43(3):796–803CrossRef
  Schecter A, Papke O, Joseph JE, Tung KC (2005) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in US computers and domestic carpet vacuuming: Possible sources of human exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 68(7):501–513CrossRef
  Shi SX, Huang YR, Wan KY, Dong L, Yang YL (2013) Levels and seasonal variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 90(3):296–301CrossRef
  Shoeib M, Harner T, Ikonomou M, Kannan K (2004) Indoor and outdoor air concentrations and phase partitioning of perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ Sci Technol 38(5):1313–1320CrossRef
  Stapleton HM, Dodder NG (2008) Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in house dust by natural sunlight. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(2):306–312CrossRef
  Tuduri L, Harner T, Hung H (2006) Polyurethane foam (PUF) disks passive air samplers: wind effect on sampling rates. Environ Pollut 144(2):377–383
  US-EPA (2011) Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F
  Wang C, Li W, Chen JW, Wang HQ, Li TC, Shen GF, Shen HZ, Huang Y, Wang R, Wang B, Zhang YY, Tang JH, Liu WX, Wang XL, Tao S (2012) Summer atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers in urban and rural areas of northern China. Environ Pollut 171:234–240CrossRef
  Watkins DJ, McClean MD, Fraser AJ, Weinberg J, Stapleton HM, Sjodin A, Webster TF (2011) Exposure to PBDEs in the office environment: evaluating the relationships between dust, handwipes, and serum. Environ Health Perspect 119(9):1247–1252
  Wei H, Zou YH, Li A, Christensen ER, Rockne KJ (2013) Photolytic debromination pathway of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in hexane by sunlight. Environ Pollut 174:194–200CrossRef
  Wilford BH, Harner T, Zhu JP, Shoeib M, Jones KC (2004) Passive sampling survey of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in indoor and outdoor air in Ottawa, Canada: Implications for sources and exposure. Environ Sci Technol 38(20):5312–5318CrossRef
  Williams E, Kahhat R, Allenby B, Kavazanjian E, Kim J, Xu M (2008) Environmental, social, and economic implications of global reuse and recycling of personal computers. Environ Sci Technol 42(17):6446–6454CrossRef
  Yu ZQ, Zheng KW, Ren GF, Zheng YY, Ma ST, Peng PA, Wu MH, Sheng GY, Fu JM (2010) Identification of hydroxylated octa- and nona
  omodiphenyl ethers in human serum from electronic waste dismantling workers. Environ Sci Technol 44(10):3979–3985CrossRef
  Yu YX, Huang NB, Zhang XY, Li JL, Yu ZQ, Han SY, Lu M, Van de Wiele T, Wu MH, Sheng GY, Fu JM (2011) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in food and associated human daily intake assessment considering bioaccessibility measured by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Chemosphere 83(2):152–160CrossRef
  Yu YX, Zhang SH, Huang NB, Li JL, Pang YP, Zhang XY, Yu ZQ, Xu ZG (2012) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater fish from Taihu Lake, China: Their levels and the factors that influence biomagnification. Environ Toxicol Chem 31(3):542–549CrossRef
  Zhang XM, Diamond ML, Robson M, Harrad S (2011) Sources, emissions, and fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls indoors in Toronto, Canada. Environ Sci Technol 45(8):3268–3274CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Wenliang Han (1)
  Tao Fan (1)
  Binhua Xu (2)
  Jialiang Feng (2)
  Gan Zhang (3)
  Minghong Wu (2)
  Yingxin Yu (2)
  Jiamo Fu (2)
  
  1. Institute of Environmental and Resources Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
  2. Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
  3. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  Industrial Pollution Prevention
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1614-7499

文摘

Ninety-seven seasonal, passive indoor and outdoor air samples were collected in Shanghai to study polybrominated diphenyl ethers (ΣPBDEs, 16 congeners including BDE-209), their concentrations, composition profiles, seasonal variations, influencing factors, emission sources, and human inhalation exposure. In summer, median indoor concentrations of Σ ₁₅ PBDEs (excluding BDE-209) were 82 pg m−3 in offices and 30 pg m−3 in homes, ∼3 times the winter concentrations. The average summer concentration of 130 pg m−3 BDE-209 in homes was higher than that in offices (which was 90 pg m−3); in winter, home and office concentrations were similar (46 and 47 pg m−3, respectively). For outdoor air, the median concentration of Σ ₁₅ PBDEs in summer (12 pg m−3) was twice the winter concentration (6 pg m−3), while the summer median concentration of BDE-209 (398 pg m−3) was half the winter concentration (794 pg m−3). Higher concentrations of Σ ₁₅ PBDEs indoors compared with outdoors showed that the lower brominated BDEs found were mainly from indoor sources. Meanwhile, the much lower indoor concentration of BDE-209 compared with the outdoors showed that BDE-209 came mainly from outdoor sources. The data set also indicated that electric/electronic appliances were the main sources of indoor ΣPBDEs, and old appliances emitted more lower brominated BDEs, while industrial emissions should be the main source of the outdoor BDE-209. Median daily human exposures to Σ ₁₅ PBDEs and BDE-209 through inhalation were estimated to be 0.23 and 1.73 ng day−1 in winter and 0.65 and 2.28 ng day−1 in summer for adults. The human inhalation exposure to ΣPBDEs (3.44 ng day−1 for adults and 1.33 ng day−1 for toddlers) was comparable to that from eating contaminated fish for both toddlers and adults in Shanghai.